CRANIOLOG-Y OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 733 



Norma lateralis. — The facial part of the frontal was almost vertical in No. 7 

 and receded slightly in No. 6 ; the frontal eminences were distinct, neither was 

 metopic, the glabella and supraciliary ridges were scarcely marked, and there was no 

 torus orbitalis ; the supraorbital notches or foramina were distinct, and the frontal was 

 flattened above the external orbital process. The nasion was not depressed. The 

 bridge of the nose was low, its transverse outline was flattened and the profile had a 

 very shallow concavity forwards. In each skull the parietal longitudinal arc was the 

 longest, the occipital the shortest. The cranium rested behind on the cerebellar part 

 of the occiput. 



Norma facialis. — The height of the nose was about twice its width. Each lateral 

 border of the anterior nares was a sharp crista prsenasalis. In the female it marked off 

 the floor of the nose from the incisive region and ended in a moderate maxillo-nasal 

 spine; a narrow, shallow fossa prsenasalis was behind the crest and was bounded behind 

 by the raargo infranasalis, which also reached that spine. In the male the crista 

 prsenasalis was lost below in the incisive region, so that the latter blended with the 

 floor of the nose and the fossa prsenasalis was indistinct. The nasal index, 50, was 

 mesorhine. The maxillo- facial index in both was leptoprosopic. The orbits were high 

 and rounded and the index was megaseme. The hard palate was well arched and the 

 palato-maxillary index wa^ brachyuranic. The nasio-malar index was 105'2 and 104 

 respectively, platyopic. The cranio-facial index was 68*2 and 68 "1 respectively. 



In the female the cridnial sutures, relatively simple, were well marked ; in the male 

 they were simple and distinct, except that the sagittal was obliterated save in the area of 

 the former anterior fontanelle ; the parietal eminences were distinct, the parietal breadth 

 was considerable, and as there was no scaphocephaly the disappearance of the sagittal 

 suture could not have taken place before birth or in early infancy. No epipterics, no 

 Wormian bones except a small one in the occipito-mastoid suture. The under surface 

 of the jugal process was tuberculated, but there was no third condyl, nor pterygo-spinous 

 foramen, although one external pterygoid was expanded, and directed backwards. 



In the five male crania the capacity ranged from 1230 to 1570 c.c, with a mean 

 1458, and three exceeded 1500, which is a high average, almost like that found in 

 Europeans. In the female skull the capacity was 1240 cc. 



As the measurements and indices of the skulls Nos. 6 and 7 are given in Table VIII. , 

 along with those of the four Tibetan skulls described in my previous memoirs, a 

 comparison can readily be made of the characters of the six Tibetan crania in the 

 Anatomical Museum of the University. One of the skulls (No. 1) was from Lhasa, its 

 form and proportions were essentially brachycephalic, and the cephalic index was 

 79'3. Another (No. 4), with index 79"2, had a remarkable development of Wormian 

 bones in the lambdoid and squamous sutures, which had probably modified the relations 

 of length and breadth, whilst the height was affected by the unusual upward slope of 

 the basi-occipital. 



When the Lhasa skull and No. 4 are excluded, the cephalic index in the others was 



TRANS. ROY. SCO. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART III. (NO. 13). 100 



