846 DR J. H. HARVEY PTRIE ON 



glacier terminates on The Beach, a striated stone was found near the top of the moraine 

 at a height of about 30 feet — a rare occurrence in the South Orkney moraines. The 

 bottom layers of the ice-sheets were only seen in a very few places on account of the 

 persistence of the snow talus. 



Sole of Glacier. — Near the head of Scotia Bay, on the east side of Mossman 

 Peninsula, three small parts were exposed ; in two the lowermost ten or twelve feet 

 of the glacier were thickly studded with earth and small stones, all angular and none 

 seen with striae. The stratification of the ice could still be made out, though 

 indistinctly. In the third place, there was comparatively clean ice down to within 

 2 feet of the bottom, then there was more debris than ice. In no case was there 

 any difficulty in locating the sole of the glacier where it rested directly on absolutely 

 uncontorted beach material. It was all moving [sic] ice full of debris, not stationary 

 " ground-moraine " full of ice. There was no shearing of the upper clear layers 

 over the debris-bearing layers nor amongst the latter themselves. 



On the east side of Uruguay Cove the sole was visible in two places — (1) near 

 the snout termination, where the lower ten or twelve feet were charged with debris 

 similar to that just described ; (2) at the point marked X on the ground-plan on p. 850, 

 text-fig. 10. Here the total distance traversed by the ice could not have been more 

 than a few hundred feet, and the ice was clean right down to the bottom, very solid 

 (no air-bubbles), and with no visible stratification. There were some few small stones 

 and boulders up to 2 feet in diameter, but no earthy material or rock-flour. The 

 stones were angular or sub-angular, but some had small strise on them. Small pools, 

 however, collecting at the foot of the cliff' show that a little fine silt is being brought 

 down by the trickles of water coming from under the glacier. The beach material 

 was washed away from one spot here, and underneath it there seemed to be a bluey 

 clay not unlike the boulder-clay of this country, although containing more stones. 

 It must be remembered, however, that this coast has recently been rising, and this 

 may quite well be a marine deposit and not a sub-glacial one. 



Ice-Grain. — At this point also were seen the only well-developed ice-grains that 

 I came across. The drawing, text-fig. 8 (to scale, natural size), for which I am 

 indebted to Mr W. A. Cuthbertson, artist to the Expedition, shows the appearance as 

 seen on the vertical terminal face. The largest grain measured was exactly 2 inches 

 across. As the beach was partly scooped out below the glacier, I managed to crawl 

 underneath to have a look at the arrangement of the grains in the horizontal plane. 

 It was very different. The grains were all drawn out and arranged in sweeping 

 curved lines whose general direction was that of the flow of the glacier. Some of 

 the grains were as much as 4 inches long and only ^ inch broad. The bounding 

 planes were, as a rule, curved, not flat. Where a boulder was embedded in the ice 

 the arrangement of the grains was disturbed, and they were drawn out along lines 

 somewhat in the manner shown in text-fig. 9. 



These ice-grains are only to be made out on a fresh surface. On returning tlie 



