DAILY ROUTINE AND BODY TEMPERATURE. 255 
to standing was suflicient to produce almost immediately an appreciable rise in the 
rectal temperature, and vice versa when the change is from standing to sitting. This 
rise he attributes to the muscular work involved in maintaining the body in the erect 
attitude. However, there appears to be considerable variation amongst different 
individuals in the temperature response to muscular exercise. In the observations of 
Leonarp Hiri and Martin Fiack,* made on healthy athletes in a three-mile race, they 
found in one case at the end of the race the extraordinary high figure of 105° F. 
(40°56 C.) for the rectal temperature. As a rule they found that “the longer the 
effort the higher the body temperature rose,’ within the limits of the race of course. 
“Thus W. V. F. was 101°1 F. after 1 mile, 102°0 after 4 mile; H. 102°°8 after 
1 mile, and 103°°6 after 3 miles; H. P. 102°°8 after 1 mile, 103°°8, and 105°:0 after 
_3miles. The temperature did not rise in all individuals. Thus J. F. P. showed no 
_ 
rise after 1 mile, or after seven laps of the three-mile race.” From systolic blood-pressures 
taken at the same time they attribute the high temperatures, in part at least, to the 
influence of cutaneous vaso-constriction. 
For the same individual, however, the same amount of exercise taken within the 
same time limits will produce roughly the same rise in rectal temperature. Thus 
BaRDSweLL and CHApmaN,* from experiments conducted on themselves and other 
“healthy persons, found that the rise of temperature produced by definite amounts of 
exercise were so consistent and constant that they were able at will to raise their 
temperatures from the normal to any point up to 103° F. (39°°5 C.) simply by “ pre- 
scribing to ourselves varying degrees of muscular effort. By dint of constant observa- 
tion we were able to guess to within a point or two what our temperature would be at 
any time of the day and after any kind of exercise.” 
The effect of food on raising and maintaining the body temperature can be seen 
: by a glance at the five curves of the writer, taken on the resting days (figs. 7-11). 
| Three meals were taken on two of these days, viz. September 12 and October 3, 
and on these days the rectal temperature is distinctly higher, and on October 3 also 
less regular, than on the three fasting days. There does not appear to be any im- 
mediate effect following the meal, but the general level of the curve is higher by about 
| ‘three-tenths of a degree centigrade after the first meal on September 12 than on the 
| three days when no food was taken, and this difference is maintained throughout the 
day. On the fasting days the decline also sets in earlier. 
In the case of Miss A. B. the curve is somewhat distorted (fig. 12) by the 
comparatively high figures at 3 p.m. and 6 p.m., but that these are due to 
accidental disturbances is indicated by the low temperature before and after these 
hours. The probable cause of these disturbances she explains in her note. Apart 
from that and from the fact that the general level is somewhat higher, the curve 
does not differ materially from those of the writer, taken on the three resting and 
fasting days. 
* Hirt and Frack, Jour. of Physiol., Proceedings, xxxvi., 1907, p. Xi. + BaRDSWELL and CHAPMAN, Joe. cit. 
TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLVIII, PART II. (NO. 12). 39 
