418 MR ANGUS R. FULTON ON EXPERIMENTS TO SHOW 
to 1, the deep sides being in a number of cases parallel to the rings, and in an 
equal number of cases parallel to the medullary rays. Any advantage peculiar to 
the position of the rigs or rays in the test piece would thus be accentuated. 
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Fig. 1 is a drawing of the cross-section of the Oak tree used, and shows the 
manner in which the specimens were cut from that section; it is also an example 
of the method followed in the case of the other woods. 
DEFINITION OF STRESSES. 
The following definitions of stresses have been adopted throughout this paper :— 
(a) A longitudinal stress is a stress acting parallel to the axis of the tree. 
(b) A radial stress is a stress acting as nearly as may be parallel to the medullary 
rays, and therefore perpendicular to the annual rings. 
