OF TWO CONFINED STREAMS OF WATER. 8038 
formulee vary almost exactly as the reciprocal of m, so that these are particular cases of 
the general formula— 
SANG 2 
loss of head = { i = *) = 000460 ge bee feet. 
g 
m ™m 
Within this range of area ratios this formula gives the loss at an elbow in such pipes, 
having a dead end, within about 2 per cent. 
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1-3 £9 20 
Fic. 2.—Logarithms of loss at elbows having an area ratio of 1 to 1. 
Loss at Plain Elbows.—In the dead end of the elbow in the preceding examples 
a certain amount of energy is of necessity dissipated in eddy formation ; and with a view 
of investigating the effect of this, and of determining the loss in a plain elbow of uniform 
section throughout, and without such a dead end, these branches were closed up with 
plasticine, trimmed off to follow the line of the approach channel, the surface thus 
