880 PROFESSOR A. C. SEWARD AND MISS N. BANCROFT ON 
underlying the external similarity. The reasons given by VELENovsKy for regarding 
the sporophylls of cia as microsporophylls do not appear to be convincing, and in 
the absence of microsporangia attached to the peltate appendages of the cone it would 
seem much more probable that the scales originally bore seeds. 
The smaller and more spherical cone figured by VELENovskKy * as Sequoia fastigiata 
(Sternb.), and similar cones referred by Hrer and other authors to Sequoia, agree fairly 
closely in habit with the smaller Eathie specimen (text-fig. 2, B), but this agreement 
is not confirmed by a comparison of the cone-scales of Contes Juddi with those of 
existing species of Sequoia. Similarly, the anatomical features exhibited by the cone- 
scales of Cunninyhanua sinensis do not afford any satisfactory evidence of relationship 
between Cunninghamiostrobus yubariensis,t described by Drs Storrs and Fusm from 
Upper Cretaceous rocks of Japan, and Conites Juddi. 
In several respects the cone-scales of Contes Juddi resemble those of Protodammara 
speciosa described by Houiick and JErrrey from Middle Cretaceous rocks of Kreischer- 
ville, New York.[ The generic name Protodammara was instituted by these authors 
for detached kite-shaped scales 4—6 mm. long and 4—6 mm. broad, identical in shape, 
though smaller in size, with scales previously assigned by HEEr to the genus Dammara. 
In view of the additional information supplied by the lignitic American specimens, a 
new generic designation was wisely instituted for Dammara. It is, however, question- 
able whether such a name as Protodammara is appropriate, implying as it does that in 
these Cretaceous fossils we have a type which is the ancestral or earliest form of the 
existing genus Dammara (Agathis). We do not dispute the correctness of the con- 
clusions of Houck and JerrRey in regard to the probable relationship between 
Protodammara and Agaths; but it is by no means clear that the Cretaceous 
sporophylls, each bearing three seeds, are more primitive than the single-seeded 
sporophylls of recent species, and we are far from believing that they represent the 
“first” form of sporophyll exhibiting evidence of affinity with existing members of the 
Araucariee. In size the sporophylls of Protodammara speciosa are much smaller 
than those of Conites Juddi, but other scales of the same form, of which nothing is 
known as to their anatomy, have been described by Herr from Greenland, and by other 
authors from American localities.§ The Scotch and Kreischerville sporophylls agree in 
the presence of large resin-canals, in the abundance of thick-walled idioblasts, and in 
other anatomical features. The Cretaceous scales referred to Dammara and Proto- 
dammara occur singly and were almost certainly deciduous, while in Conates Juddi the 
scales remained attached to the cone-axis; the presence of a ligule in the Scotch 
sporophylls is another distinguishing feature. In Protodammara the scales have a 
double vascular supply like that of recent cone-scales; in those of Conites Juddi we 
have not discovered any inversely orientated vascular bundles above the main vascular 
* VELENOVSKY (85), pl. xi. fig. 1. + Sroprs and Fustr (10), p. 45, pl. v. fig. 27. 
| Hontick and Jerrrey (06), p. 199; Hortick and Jmrrrny (09), p. 46, pls. iv., x., xiv., Xv., Xvi. 
§ For references see Honiick and Jerrrey (09). 
