896 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 
south of the tropics, though these species were not represented in the waters of the 
tropics. A few species of fish were also obtained from opposite hemispheres which‘ 
possessed a specific similarity. 
Although the great whale of the Arctic Ocean, Balena mysticetus, has not been 
found in the Antarctic, the characteristic Right Whale of the temperate zone is present 
in the waters of both hemispheres, though not found in the intermediate tropics. If the 
conditions of temperature and food-supply in the tropical zone had in previous times 
permitted these whales to migrate across the equator, as is now the case with the great 
Sperm Whale, these Right Whales would probably have had, like Physeter, a common 
ancestry ; but if conditions such as now exist had prevailed in bygone times, throughout 
the stages of evolution of the Baleenidee, it is difficult to believe that a migration across 
the intermediate tropical zone could have taken place. Of the Right Whales, therefore, 
in each of the northern and southern temperate areas one may speculate that an inde- 
pendent descent in each area from, it may be a more primitive form, may possibly 
indicate the course of their evolution. 
CoLouR—BALEEN—WSIZE. 
Colouwr.—It is customary in the description of the external characters of the Nordeaper 
to state that it is black on the back, the sides, and the belly. The authority for this 
colouring is apparently the drawing by Monoprro of the young San Sebastian specimen 
(1854), which was reproduced by van BenepEN.* Similarly, CaPELurni’s reproduction 
of HursBer’s drawing of the Taranto specimen is also black. Gasco, in his figure of the 
Taranto whale, represented it of a uniform blackish colour, but made the head pro- 
portionally less than in CaPELLINI’s figure. GULDBERG described the deep black colour 
of the entire body, though, on the authority of Captain Brera, individuals shewed white 
spots here and there on the black surface. CoLueTr stated that the Nordcaper was 
usually all black, though in some 10 per cent. the belly was more or less white, well 
defined against the black; at times the white patch was constricted in the middle, and 
spotted with black. He figured the ventral surface of a female in which these characters — 
were well marked. Mr Epwarps has kindly given me the opportunity of reproducing a 
photograph by Mr Heruorson of the belly of one of the Nordeapers brought into his 
station (fig. 16). A broad white patch extended from the ventral surface of the throat 
as far back as the pectoral limbs, immediately behind which it was intersected by a 
black band, and was then continued white to the region of the anus. Obviously, there- — 
fore, a white belly more or less extensive and marked with black spots or bands may 
sometimes occur. 
One of the noticeable external characters of this whale was the presence on the snout and 
the front of the lower jaw of a wart-like growth, called by whaling seamen the “ bonnet.” 
It was figured in CAPELLINI’S memoir on the Taranto whale, and recently in CoLuErt’s 
memoir. It consisted of a mass of crustaceous Epizoa belonging to the genus Cyamus. 
* Ustéoyraphie des Cétacés, by VAN BENEDEN and Gervats, fig. 1, pl. vii. 
