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XXXIV.—The Geology of South-Eastern Kincardineshire. By Robert Campbell, 
M.A., D.Sc., Lecturer in Petrology in the University of Edinburgh. Communi- 
cated by Professor James Gerxig, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. (With Three Plates.) 
(Read June 17, 1912. MS. received February 12, 1913. Issued separately April 3, 1913.) 
CONTENTS. 
PAGE PAGE 
I. Previous Literature. ‘ 5 . 923 D. The Garvock Group . ; . 946 
II. [?] Upper Cambrian. 926 E. The Strathmore Group. C 948 
III. Structural Relations of the 7 Wpnee IX. Paleontology of the Lower Old Red 
Cambrian. 928 Sandstone . : 948 
IV. The Unconformity bemyeed the De X. Volcanic Activity during the Women old 
tonian and the [?] Upper Cambrian Red Sandstone Period . 949 
at Ruthery Head . : : - 929 XI. Hypabyssal Intrusions of Lower Old Red 
V. Upper Silurian (Downtonian) 930 ° Sandstone Age . 951 
VI. Evidence regarding the Age of the XII. Physical Conditions during the loner 
“Stonehaven Beds”  . : 933 Old Red Sandstone Period . . 952 
VII. Comparison of the Woneatiineshine XIII. Upper Old Red Sandstone . : - 955 
Downtonian with the Downtonian XIV. Intrusions of [?] Carboniferous Age . 956 
of the Southern Uplands. . 934 XV. Summary of the Chief Structural 
VIII. Lower Old Red Sandstone . 4 . 936 Features ; : 5 : . 957 
A. The Dunnottar Group. . . 937 XVI. Acknowledgments . Be ee et a nOO 
B. The Crawton Group. : >; See XVII. Bibliography . j ; : . . 959 
C. The Arbuthnott Group ‘ . 943 XVIII. Explanation of Plates . 2. SP S960 
I. Previous LITERATURE. 
In 1804, Lieutenant-Colonel Imriz * communicated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh 
a paper entitled ‘‘ A Description of the Strata which occur in ascending order from the 
Plains of Kincardineshire to the Summit of Mount Battoc, one of the most elevated 
points in the Eastern District of the Grampian Mountains.” He pointed out that, in 
a short stretch of six miles in the North Esk section, “‘we pass from the secondary 
horizontal strata of the newest formation to the vertical, contorted primary strata of 
the oldest date, and terminate with granite, the primitive rock in the conception of 
many geologists.” The section, as subsequent research has shown, bristles with 
difficulties, but Imris, unlike so many of his fellow-geologists of the fighting days of 
the early part of last century, deliberately sets himself to give “a statement of the 
facts presented by nature, leaving to others to draw their conclusions in relation to 
their own speculations, which they imagine the facts to warrant.” The alternation of 
sandstone, grits, and conglomerates among the ‘“‘secondary” rocks and the steepening 
of their dip as they are traced towards the Highlands; the jaspers, grits, shales, and 
limestones of the ‘‘ primary” rocks, and the “rather unusual manner in which the 
ce 
* Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. vi. p. 3, 1812. 
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