THE GEOLOGY OF SOUTH-EASTERN KINCARDINESHIRE. 925 
surprising when we consider the impetus given to the study of the Old Red Sandstone 
by the discoveries and writings of HucH Mitusr. The Forfarshire Old Red, on the 
other hand, was diligently exploited. Ultimately, however, the treasures of Canterland 
Den attracted the Forfarshire enthusiasts, and in 1861 the Rev. Huau Mircueti* of 
Craig published a list of the fossils obtained by him from that locality. Occasional 
references to the geology of Kincardineshire occur in Powrir’s papers on the Forfarshire 
Old Red, and in his account of the ‘‘Connection of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Old 
Red Sandstone of Scotland” he places all the Old Red Sandstone of Kincardineshire in 
the Lower division, including also the jasper, serpentine, and limestones of the “ Highland 
Border rocks,” which had been assigned more correctly by Forses to the transition clay 
slate series. 
A great advance was made in 1884 by the publication of the first edition of Sheets 
66, 67, 57, and 57a of the one-inch-to-the-mile map by the Geological Survey. The 
maps embodied the results of detailed mapping by Messrs IRvinE and Sxar. The rocks 
on the foreshore between the North isk and St Cyrus are mapped as Upper Old Red 
Sandstone ; the contemporaneous character of most of the trap rocks is indicated and 
their boundaries on the whole accurately delineated. It is further shown that the Old 
Red Sandstone is separated from the metamorphic rocks of the Highlands by a great 
fault; and the mapping shows very clearly that the chief structural feature of the Old 
Red area is a continuation of the Strathmore syncline. 
In his Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, published in 1897, Sir ARcHIBALD 
GEIKIE gives the first connected account of the volcanic history of the Kincardineshire 
Old Red Sandstone, and, in an interesting chapter dealing mainly with the coast section, 
describes admirably not only the voleanic rocks but also the remarkable conglomerates 
with which they are associated. He considers the Kincardineshire lavas as belonging 
to the ‘‘ Montrose centre of eruption.” 
The revised edition of Sheets 57, 66, and 67, issued in the same year by the 
Geological Survey, contains valuable additions by Mr Georce Barrow, chief of which 
are the mapping of definite aureoles of contact minerals due to progressive metamorphism 
in the schistose rocks, and the recognition of a belt of Silurian [?] rocks intervening 
between the schists and the boundary fault of the Old Red Sandstone. Reference is 
made to the latter discovery in the Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britaint and in the 
Silurian Rocks of Britain, { published in 1899. A detailed account of the lithological 
characters and structural relations of the ‘‘ Highland Border rocks” was communicated 
to the Geological Society of London by Mr Barrow§ in 1901. He has shown that 
between Cortachy and Stonehaven they appear as three lenticular strips. The lenticels 
between Cortachy and Clattering Bridge and to the north of Drumtochty Castle have 
been described in detaii by Mr Barrow, who has shown that the rocks belong to two 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvii. p. 147, 1861. + Vol. i. p. 201. 
t Mem. Geol. Survey: The Silurian Rocks of Britain, vol. i., Scotland, p. 73. 
§ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lvii. p. 328. 
