942 DR ROBERT CAMPBELL ON 
forms the cliffs below Hallhill. It contains large scattered boulders in a tuffaceous 
matrix. One rounded boulder of acid andesite measures in section 14 feet x 9 feet ; 
quite near it is another of green schistose grit measuring 7 feet x 5 feet x 3 feet. Two 
points are noteworthy —the exceptionally large amount of matrix, and the occurrence 
together of unusually big boulders of “‘ Highland” rocks and acid andesites. Detailed 
descriptions of this and other conglomerates must be reserved for another paper. The 
following general results, however, have been arrived at from a preliminary study of the 
conglomerates of this group :—(1) the predominance of volcanic conglomerates in the 
Bervie-Whistleberry tract, with a gradual transition northwards and southwards to non- 
voleanic conglomerates; (2) the abundance in all the ‘“ Highland” conglomerates of 
boulders derived from the ‘“ green rocks” and jaspers of Upper Cambrian age ; (3) the 
maximum development of “ newer granites” in the neighbourhood of Bervie Bay. 
The lava flow near Whistleberry Castle is of particular interest, since it shows, 
better perhaps than can be seen elsewhere in Kincardineshire, very characteristic 
“sandstone veining.” Through practically its whole thickness it is traversed by sand- 
stone veins and by large irregular patches of finely bedded sediments (see PI. I. fig. 5). 
It recalls the examples from the Turnberry shore described by Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE.* 
In the sediments underlying the Crawton lavas there is also a noteworthy develop- 
ment of minor intrusions in the form of decomposed lamprophyres, which occur 
sometimes in thin sills, sometimes in narrow dykes, too small to be shown on the $-inch 
map. ‘They are restricted to this horizon. 
(b) The Burn of Guinea Andesites and Associated Rocks.—We have seen above 
that the Crawton basalts may be traced along the northern limb of the syncline as far 
as Upper Criggie. Further to the west is found another volcanic group occupying 
approximately the same horizon, but showing an altogether different assemblage of 
lavas. Basalts are represented by two, or at most three, small flows, and these 
markedly different from the Crawton type. The predominating types are acid 
andesites. 
Appearing first near Temple of Fiddes—about a mile west of Upper Criggie—this 
volcanic zone may be followed a short distance beyond Collieston. Then for about two 
miles the solid geology is completely obscured by a great thickness of drift. Just west 
of Drumlithie similar lavas again begin to make their appearance, and, continuing with 
an east-and-west strike, they cross the Bervie Water beyond Hawkhill. Again for a 
short distance they are concealed under a thick deposit of boulder clay, but, swinging 
round the Elfhill anticline, they return to the Bervie Water at the Horse Pot. Then 
for about a mile they are hidden under drift. They reappear, however, on the northern 
limb of the anticline, in the Burn of Guinea, and again circling round a synclinal fold 
which succeeds the anticline, they are finally lost against the Highland fault. North of 
the fault, however, in the extreme west of the area, a series of lavas, exposed in the 
Kirkton Burn and other stream sections, and mapped as intrusive porphyrites on the 
* Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain, vol. i. p. 333. 
