948 DR ROBERT CAMPBELL ON 
and afterwards as Thelodus by Dr Traquarr,* who has figured several scales of the 
Canterland specimen. The Geological Survey collection includes a specimen of [schna- 
canthus gracilis from this locality. Among material collected in recent years by 
Dr W. T. Gorpon and myself, there are fragments of Pterygotus anglicus, and plant 
remains, among which may be noted the occurrence of casts of large ribbed stems up 
to two inches in diameter. 
A sandy limestone occurring near the top of the Garvock group appears to be the 
only limestone in the whole of the Lower Old Red Sandstone succession in Kincardine- 
shire. Although at present exposures of the bed are few in number, it seems formerly 
to have been worked extensively, as, for example, at Balmakewan, at Burn of Balmakelly, 
and in the south-western portion of the parish of Garvock. Further north it is found 
at the Bervie Water, near Pitskelly, where it is represented by a calcareous sandstone, 
with nodules containing fragmentary plant remains. ‘There can be little doubt that 
this calcareous belt is continuous along the southern limb of the Strathmore syncline. 
It occupies approximately the same horizon as, and is in all probability a continuation 
of, the limestone mapped by the Geological Survey in Forfarshire. 
The sandstones of this group as a rule contain numerous clay galls, possibly the 
result of the erosion of beds of the so-called marls. Such an explanation is suggested 
by a section in the North Esk, south of Balmakewan House, in which may be seen an 
actual instance of contemporaneous erosion of marls interbedded with the sandstones. 
EK. The Strathmore Group. 
Here are included the highest beds of the Strathmore syncline. They consist in 
great part of the bright red ‘“‘ marls” which give such a characteristic colour to the 
boulder clay and the overlying soils of the Howe of the Mearns. The best sections in 
the group are found in the North Esk between the mouth of the Luther Water and the 
Gannochy Tower, a short distance north of Edzell. Over most of the great central plain 
between the Bervie Water and the North Esk the rocks of this group consist almost 
exclusively of bright red poikilitic “ marls.” Towards the west and north, however, 
their place is taken by coarser sediments—flagstones and massive false-bedded sandstones, 
with occasional lenticels of conglomerate. No fossils have been recorded from these 
rocks, and this group is the only one in which there is no trace of contemporaneous 
volcanic activity. 
1X. PALZONTOLOGY OF THE LOWER OLD RED SANDSTONE. 
The occurrences of fossils cited above and their localities may be summarised as 
follows :— 
A. Dunnottar Group. 
Strathlethan Bay.—Parka sp. 
* Trans. Roy. Soc. Hdin., vol. xxxix. p. 595, 1899. 
