THE GEOLOGY OF SOUTH-EASTERN KINCARDINESHIRE. 949 
B. Crawton Group. 
No fossils recorded. 
C. Arbuthnott Group. 
1. Three Wells, near Bervie.-—Cephalaspis Lyell. 
2. Ford of Dillavaird.—Plant fragments. 
D. Garvock Group. 
1. Canterland Den (Den of Morphie).—Parka decipiens and abundance of other 
plant remains, Kampecaris forfarensis, Pterygotus anglicus, Cephalaspis Lyelli, 
Parexus incurvus, Climatius scutiger, Ischnacanthus gracilis, and Thelodus Paget. 
2. Drumtochty Glen.—Worm burrows and castings. 
3. Bervie Water, near Pitskelly.—Plant fragments. 
E. Strathmore Group. 
No fossils recorded. 
The above list, it will be seen, does not offer evidence which can be of any great 
value for purposes of zoning or correlation. Parka occurs near the top of the volcanic 
series and again almost at the base of the Lower Old Red Sandstone, and thus possesses 
the same extended range as in Forfarshire and Perthshire. The Three Wells and 
Canterland Den horizon may be correlated with that part of the Forfarshire Old Red 
which includes the well-known fossil localities of Turin Hill, Farnell, Newtyle, 
Carmyllie, Leysmill, and Ferryden. According to the distribution of the lava zones 
ou the published maps it seems probable that the Three Wells quarries are on the 
Ferryden horizon, while the Canterland Den beds are the equivalents of those at 
Farnell. The rocks of Turin Hill appear to occupy a somewhat higher horizon, but all 
the fossils found at Canterland Den have also been recorded from the former locality. 
X. Voutcanic Activity IN KINCARDINESHIRE DURING THE LOWER 
Outp Rep SANDSTONE PERIOD. 
Voleanic activity, which had already begun, as we have seen, in Downtonian times, 
continued to be a characteristic feature in the physical history of the area until far on 
in the Lower Old Red Sandstone period. LHvidence of prolonged, if intermittent, 
volcanic activity is found in the great development of lavas, tuffs, and volcanic 
conglomerates, which together form no inconsiderable part of the succession. The 
lavas include dacites, hornblende-biotite andesites, augite andesites, hypersthene 
andesites, hypersthene basalts, and olivine basalts, the basic types predominating. 
The volcanic conglomerates with their associated tufts consist almost entirely of the 
debris of already consolidated hornblende and biotite andesites and rhyolites. No 
trace of voleanic vents has been found. The distribution of the volcanic rocks, 
