956 DR ROBERT CAMPBELL ON | 
Between Kirkside and the North Esk the Upper Old Red Sandstone is almost 
entirely concealed under blown sand and raised beach deposits. The best exposures 
are found at Kirkside fishing station, where the rock consists of a massive false-bedded 
white sandstone dipping at low angles to the north-west. Neither the top nor the 
base of the sandstone is seen, but it is at least 30 feet thick. The direction of strike 
of the beds suggests that they occupy a position not far below the cornstone of 
Rock Hall, and they may perhaps be regarded as the equivalents of the thick sand- 
stone which underlies the cornstone series at Buddon Point. Similar sandstones 
occur also in close proximity to the Lower Old Red Sandstone lava series in the 
small stream which flows past Pathhead. 
From the North Esk to Kirkside the junction between the Upper and Lower Old 
Red Sandstone is clearly a fault, the line of which skirts the base of the conspicuous 
cliff feature of 25-feet-beach times. Its position is readily detected from the occurrence 
of patches of fault breccia, sometimes veined with barytes. A prolongation of the 
same fault again forms the boundary at Rock Hall, where it is well seen in the cliff 
section. 
The northern margin of the outlier on the coast section near East Mathers is also 
a fault trending south-east, and bringing the cornstone horizon against the conglomerates 
and basalts of the older series. As it is traced along the old 25-feet-beach cliff, the 
fault changes in direction to east-and-west. The next inland exposure showing the 
character of the boundary is at the south end of the wood of Den Finella, and here 
again there is clear evidence of faulting, the red sandstone underlying the cornstone 
horizon being separated from the older lavas by a brecciated sandstone. Westward from 
Den Finella the solid geology is to a large extent obscured by drift deposits, but the 
distribution of the lavas and the occasional exposures of sandstone of Upper Old Red 
type indicate that the fault gradually changes in direction to south-west and north-east. 
Between Mill of Woodston and West Mathers there are no exposures showing the 
junction of the older and younger rocks. The brecciated character of the basalts at 
the former locality, however, suggests the presence of an east-and-west cross fault 
between the two main faults described above. In short, the boundary between the 
Upper Old Red Sandstone of the St Cyrus outlier and the Lower Old Red Sandstone is 
everywhere a line of faulting. 
XIV. Intrusions oF [?] CaRBONIFEROUS AGE. 
In addition to the hypabyssal intrusions of presumably Lower Old Red Sandstone — 
age described above, there occur in south-eastern Kincardineshire a number of quartz 
dolerite dykes and teschenite sills, whose affinities are rather with the rocks of the 
Scottish Carboniferous volcanic series. _ 
(a) Quartz Dolerite Dykes.—As will be seen from the accompanying map (PI. IL), 
there are numerous occurrences of quartz dolerite dykes having a general east-north- 
