622 The American Naturalist. [July, 
ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY. 
Tobacco pipes in Shell-heaps of the St. John's.—By those 
familiar with the archeology of Florida, it will be remembered that 
the extended and careful researches of Professor Wyman among many 
of the shell-heaps of the St. John's river yielded no pipes, fragmentary 
or otherwise, intended for the smoking of tobacco, and that naturally 
the conclusion was arrived at by him that in all probability the makers 
of the shell-heaps were ignorant of its use." 
During the first two years of our investigations on the St. John's 
the negative results obtained by Professor Wyman awaited us also, 
though at the conclusion of our third season, in the island shell-heap 
constituting Mulberry Mound, on the southern border of Orange 
County, near Lake Poinsett, we discovered at considerable depth from 
the surface a fragment of a tube of earthenware, which we believed, 
and which was pronounced by competent authority, in all probability 
to be a portion of a pipe used for the smoking of tobacco. 
In the small burial mound situate on the northern extremity of the 
shell-heap we found two other fragments still more markedly indicating 
a similar use when entire. Nevertheless, the shell-heap fragment and 
those from the burial mound, assuming the contemporaneity of the two, 
while strong evidence as to the presence of tobacco pipes in the shell- 
heaps, were not final. 
At the close of our fourth and last season of investigation of the 
river mounds (April, 1894) we again visited Mulberry Mound, making 
an excavation abont 16 by 24 feet and 16.5 feet in depth to the water 
level. 
At a depth ot 6 feet from the surface was discovered a tobacco 
pipe of earthenware, complete in every part, of which we give à 
representation. (Plate XVIL) 
Thus we have positive evidence that the men under whose feet slowly 
grew the great mass of powdered shell and other kitchen refuse now 
known as Mulberry Mound were familiar with the use of tobacco. 
It is fair to explain, however, as we have previously stated in the 
NarunALIST, that Mulberry Mound is by no means a type of the shell- 
heaps of the river, since the debris of which it is composed is compara- 
! This department is edited by H. C. Mercer, University of Pennsylvania. 
2 ** Fresh Water Shell Mounds of the St. John's River, Florida," page 59. 
3 Naturalist, Aug. 1, 1893. 
