1894.] Archeology and Ethnology. 623 
tively rich in relics connecting it with a period presumably much later 
than most of the shell-heaps which yield little or nothing to the inves- 
tigator, some even giving no evidence of the presence of sherds to the 
most careful and prolonged search. 
The failure to find tobacco pipes in the other shell-heaps after years 
of investigation may at least suggest the question whether the smoking 
of tobacco was practiced when the older shell-heaps were made. It 
might be suggested, however, that, as in upwards of eighty sand mounds 
of the river, the majority of which were leveled to the base by us, but 
five tobacco pipes were met with, a proportionate infrequency of occur- 
rence might be expected in the shell-heaps. To this we would reply 
that we by no means concede the contemporaneity of the sand mounds 
with the earlier shell-heaps; and even were a contemporary existence 
shown one might expect pipes, or fragments of pipes, in greater numbers 
in shell-heaps which represent longer periods of occupancy than in the 
sand mounds. The deposit of articles and certain classes of articles in 
the sand mounds was voluntary and dictated by custom; while into 
the debris of shell-heaps objects found their way through loss, if 
unbroken, and through rejection, if fragmentary or imperfect. Articles 
discovered in the shell-heaps afford a fair idea of the possessions of the 
men who made them. Most of us know to our cost the fragile character 
of a tobacco pipe of earthenware, and it is quite evident that portions 
of pipes accidentally broken, not to be expected in the sand mounds, 
since these “high places” were not used for domicile during con- 
struction, must be looked for in the shell-heaps whose makers lived 
upon them. : 
We are, therefore, of the opinion that the finding of a tobacco pipe 
in so exceptional and in such a presumably late shell-heap compara- 
tively as Mulberry Mound, does not establish the use of tobacco as 
existing among the makers of the earlier shell heaps of Florida. 
CLARENCE B. Moore. 
Norse Remains in the Neighborhood of Boston Bay.'— 
The late Professor E. N. Horsford was the first to call attention to the 
evidences of the truth of ancient Sagas which claim for the old Sea 
‘I received the following paper from Mr. Gerard Fowke, late of the Bureau of 
Ethnology, Washington, last night (June 27, 1894). 
Archeology must watch with keen interest and sympathy the work undertaken 
by him for Miss Cornelia Horsford of excavation at the alleged sites of Norse 
occupation in the Charles River Valley, Massachusetts. Much discussion on and - 
prejudice has beclouded the important problem which he and Miss Horsford have ; 
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