812 The American Naturalist. [September, 
tufts of 6 or 7 cirrhi at the base of the second joint of the attenne. 
These cirrh: are spaced at their insertion and recurved. These organs 
are jpresent in the other Lipurae, but in so rudimentary a state that 
they have heretofore escaped observation. (Revue Biol. de Nord., 
Dec., 1893 
Result of a Comparison of Antipodal Faunas.—Prof. Gill’s 
paper on a comparison of the piscine fauna of the British island with 
that of the New Zealand waters contains some important deductions. 
An analysis of a tabulated list of the families of these two regions 
shows that twenty-five families are represented in the New Zealand 
seas and not in the British; of these eleven are peculiar to the South- 
ern Hemisphere; four are represented in the Northern Pacific, but not 
in the North Atlantic; and ten, although not represented in the Brit- 
ish seas, have quite a general distribution. 
Of the fresh-water species, those characteristic of the Northern 
Hemisphere are, with the exception of the Argentinidae, entirely un- 
represented in the Southern, while the Antipodal types are wanting in 
the Northern zones. 
According to Professor Hutton, the New Zealand Fishes belong to 
no less than six distinct geographical realms: Notalian, Antarctalian, 
Pelagalian, Bassalian, Tropicalian and Ornithogsan. A consideration 
of these various elements and comparison of them with those of other 
regions leads Dr. Gill to the following conclusions : 
e main marine fauna of New Zealand is derived from represen- 
tatives of the general stock which has become developed in the great 
Notalian realm. The number of species apparently peculiar to the 
province, and, therefore, modified from other or earlier representatives, 
indicates a long period of isolation in accordance with its distance 
from the nearest continents and the depth of the intervening ocean. 
The percentage of such peculiar species seems to entitle it to rank as a 
distinet region (or subregion) rather than as an integral portion of the 
Notalian region composed of the isothermal portions of Australia and 
Tasmania, as has been generally done. A more extended study and 
actual comparison of the species of the two regions may, however, com- 
pel a reconsideration of this view." 
“ The fresh-water fishes must have been derived from the same com- 
mon source as those of the isothermal portions of Australia (of course, 
including Tasmania) and South America. There may not have been 
a continuity of land at any one time between South America, Austra- 
lia and New Zealand, but, at more remote period in the past, it is, at 
