1894.] Zoology. 1047 
Apellöf, in the same volume, describes several structures in the anat- 
omy of Edwardsia. Among the points brought out are the presence of 
a nervous system in the capitulum, the absence of siphonoghyphes, of 
septal stomata, of acontia. Its nearest affinities appear to be with Pro- 
tanthea of Carlgren (1891). 
Worms.—Stiles calls attention ° to the discovery in a cat, by H. B. 
Ward, of Distoma westermanni,a fluke new to the U. S. The same 
species is a common parasite in man in Eastern Asia. 
Ward describes? Distoma opacum, parasitic in Amia calva, Ictalurus 
punctatus, and Perca flavescens. In its structural characters the species 
is closest to D. pygmæum of the eider duck. The fish become infested 
by feeding upon crayfish ( Cambarus propinquus), in which the parasite 
was found encysted. 
CRUSTACEA.—Miss Mary J. Rathbun describes” four new species of 
crabs from the Antillean region and gives" a series of notes upon the 
species of Inachide in the National Museum. There seems to be a ten- 
dency in these and other papers to differentiate genera and species on 
too minute and too variable characters, which, we hope, will not be con- 
tinued in the promised Synopsis of North American Crustacea. 
ARACHINDA.—Purcell's complete paper on the eyes of harvestmen 
has appeared," and the illustrations make clear the difficulties of his 
previous paper, already noticed (this volume, p. 345). 
Bernard" calls attention to the fact that the Galeodid:e, instead of 
lacking lateral eyes, have these organs transferred to the lateral surface, 
where they look downwards and forwards. Bernard thinksthese organs 
are in process of atrophy, although one would not draw such conclusions 
from the rough figure of a section which he gives. 
Simmons describes'* the development of the lungs and tracheæ 
in spiders. The lungs develop on the posterior surface of the 
anterior abdominal soidin: and the appendages, sinking i in form 
the anterior wall of the pulmonary sac. The tracheæ in their earlier 
stages are like the lungs, and later begin to penetrate the body. “ From 
this it follows that the lung-book condition is the primitive one, the 
* Johns Hopkins oe Bulletin, No. 40, 1894. 
* Proc. Am. pes Microscopists, xv, 1894. 
10 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvii, p. 83, 1894. 
! Tom. Cit., , p. 43. 
® Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., lviii, 1894. 
5 Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii, 517, 1894. 
1t Am. Jour. Sci., xlviii, 1894. Tuft's College Studies, No. 2. 
