50 Recent Literature. _ (Janua, | 
amphibians, the reptiles, birds, the bony fishes, and lastly the 
mammals, with man, “ the last and greatest winner in life’s races. 
The story is most skillfully told; it will charm the grown-up 
naturalist, and, as we have reason to know, interest an intelligent 
lad. The wood-cuts, some of which we reproduce, are by Mr. 
Carreras, and are geological restorations of unusual excellence. 
The frontispiece, illustrating the phosphorescent fishes, is by Mr - 
Smit. The authoress acknowledges the aid of Professor W. 
Kitchen Parker, Mr. Alfred, R. Wallace and others, and her work 
while very readable is also reliable. We can see no points open — 
to serious criticism. | 
Baume’s ODONTOLOGICAL RESEARCHES!— This is not a yS 
tematic work on odontology, but a series of chapters on the gai 
eral nature of teeth, containing the results of the author’s original 
researches, and well illustrated by numerous wood-cuts. 4 
first part is an attempt at a developmental history of the teeth. 
After stating the nature of the theory of natural selection, the 
author enters into an elaborate general description of the derma 
armor of vertebrates, which is followed by descriptions of the 
placoid scales and teeth, and the teeth of other fishes, as well as 
those of amphibians and reptiles, and a section on the develop | 
ment of mammalian teeth. The following subjects are then diy. 
cussed: the reduction of the teeth; the strengthening 1n Uh” 
sockets of mammalian teeth, especially the relations between ©” 
teeth and bones; the hard tissues of teeth; the physiology © 
dental substance; the ever-growing teeth (wurzellose_zahne) 0, 
mammals, 2. e., those with an exposed pulp, as the incisors” 
rodents, and the tusks of the elephant; the formation of | 
crown and root; the specialized teeth; the transformation 
tooth-forms; the milk-teeth; the diphyodont semblance of m 
mals; the third dentition; the typical number of ets? p 
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_ teeth of the present time; the last rudiments of lost teeth 2” 
jaws of other mammals, and finally he discusses teeth ane © 
organism. ; 
The second part is of more practical interest, discussing 
defects of the hard parts. : 
RECENT Books AND PAMPHLETS. 3 
A. S. Packard, Fr.—American Science Series, Briefer Course, Zodlogy- H 
» & Co. 1883. 12°, pp. 334. 
Cragin, F. W.—A contribution to the History of the Fresh-water Copepoda 
Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., May, 1883. From the author. <a 
Harger, Oscar.—Report on the Isopoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Vol. XI, per 
* Results of dredging on E. coast U. S., 1880. Sept., 1883. From the a 
Agassiz, Alex.—The Porpitide and Velellide. Mem. Mus. Camp. Zoö!. 
No. 2. Surface fauna of the Gulf Stream. July, 1883. gp 
Kunz, G. F—American Gems and Precious Stones. Ext. from “ The 
sources of the U.S.” Washington, 1883. From the author. 
\ Odontological Forschungen. Von ROBERT BAUME. Leipzig, Verlag VO” 
Felix, 1882. 8vo, pp. 307, 191. ; 
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