4 Disadvantages of the Upright Position. (January, — 
6 assumed the erect position, the valvular 
formation elsewhere in the head would not — 
F occur while the jugular valves became ru- 
` 
d dimentary. 
Seea RngogIRna 
in man as in other animals. 
human being. 
“PERL ITIL 
veins when man is placed on all fours, 
a, refers to the spinal 
` 
Lone BL jugular and ca- 
val to femoral; c DN uadrupeds, thus : 
lal; y int makat ostal. q pe 
I 
ce 
Fi 
tarar 
ae oe 
ea Sas 
eg Oe BA 
El 
PPE ET PEEL Drs 
EESLI LEFUN 
A noticeable departure from the rule obtaining in the vascular 
system of Mammalia also occurs in the exposed situation of the 
femoral artery in man, The arteries lie deeper than the veins or 
are otherwise protected for the purpose, the teleologist would say» _ 
of preventing hemorrhage by superficial cuts. From the evolu- 
tionary standpoint it would appear that only animals with deeply- 
placed arteries would survive and transmit their peculiarities t°- 
their offspring, as the ordinary abrasions to which all animals we 
Certainly valves in the hemorrhoidal 
veins would be out of place in quadrupeds, | 
but to their absence in man many a life has — 
been and will be sacrificed, to say nothing — 
of the discomfort and distress occasioned — 
by the engorgement known as piles, which 
the presence of valves in these veins would — 
obviate. The spermatic valves are as useful _ 
A glance at the accompanying diagram ~ 
will afford an idea of the confusing distri- i 
bution of valved and unvalved veins in the 
The position assumed by these valved ) 
corresponds with those to be found in ~ 
eS eee eee een a a 
Le eee 
: 
Z aa m ea fee 
= ys cate 
nag a ee ioe SN oe Rs ae eS REE SSSR a a Tes Tee AR yg Ag Raia Ne ee ee Re RN ee Sa ei ig Ee SEES me eae ree eee Ne a =o 
= 
