1884.] Geology and Paleontology. 179 
had previously found a cranium of an Anchitherium, as well as 
o Dr. Cunningham had discovered in the Lower 
Tertiary of the Gallegos river an ungulate described by Flower 
as Homalodontherium cunninghamii, and d'Orbigny had found 
the rodent-like Megamys patagoniensis. Two molars, with a frag- 
ment of skull, discovered by M. Moyzes in a bed which is be- 
lieved by Sr. Moreno to form the passage from Cretaceous to 
Tertiary, might have belonged either to a gigantic capybara or a 
small elephant, and formed part of what is probably the oldest 
known South American mammal. Sr. Moreno has named it 
Mesotherium marshit. 
Dr. Cunningham was the first to find remains of Edentata in 
the Tertiary, by the discovery of some plates of a Glyptodon on 
the Gallegos river. Inthe upper horizon of the Santa Cruz beds 
Sr. Moreno has found fragments of the cuirass of Hoplophorus 
australis, and the Museum of Buenos Ayres has the humerus of 
a Mylodon from a Tertiary deposit near the Rio Colorado. 
In the Bay of Santa Cruz, at the base of the marine Tertiary, 
St. Moreno found the skull of an enormous cetacean so firmly 
imbedded in the rock that he could only extricate the cervical 
vertebre and a portion of the occipital region. This species he 
has named Paleobalena bergii. Remains of another cetacean 
Species, Saurocetes argentinensis, were also found, as well as frag- 
ments of some dolphins, of some seals -from the Chubut river, 
oan of birds, etc. The discovery of these remains tends to show 
ti at the Tertiary fauna of Patagonia preceded that of the Argen- 
ne Republic, and if the list of the Patagonian Tertiary fauna is 
small, it is probably because it is as yet incomplete. 
-g0 iche previously supposed, on the faith of the observations of 
el igny, Burmeister and Darwin, that Patagonia was entirely 
th — of marine Tertiary deposits, but it is now demonstrated 
at terrestrial and lacustrine deposits are largely represented. ` 
welch Presence of so rich a Tertiary fauna in Patagonia lends 
ght to Sr. Moreno’s opinion that at the commencement of this 
i a Southern continent existed, spreading over the present 
tiy the Atlantic and Pacific, and that the fauna of this coun- 
tia 2 northward towards the equator at the time when the 
emersi epoch had set in in Southern Patagonia. Traces of local 
- etation aa and immersions, as well as traces of an abundant veg- 
which « vancıng to the sea, occur in many points of Patagonia, 
à at that period evidently enjoyed a warmer climate. At the 
Anyag the southern point of the South American continent 
Qatar © be slowly sinking, and soundings in the Atlantic show 
and Tiers = less than 150 meters would unite the Falkland isles 
the latitud el Fuego with the continent, which would then, at 
tude of the Santa Cruz river, have the width of Africa at 
land ste A further rise of 2000 meters would unite this 
: | South Georgia and other antarctic lands, and the kind 
