314 General Notes. [ March, 
principles which he applies to the different groups, notably to the 
mammals. 
The following general statements are elaborated: 1. That the 
color-markings of mammals may be reduced to longitudinal 
stripes, spots, and transverse stripes. 2. That the longitudinal 
case of other groups, such as the Saurians. 6. That in a 
the development of markings follows a regular course, that 1s, Me 
longitudinal markings are followed by spots which, in turn, rue 
together, and finally form the transverse or tiger stripes. /- 
the position of the smallest spot on a mammal is not acciden 
but due’to the action of genetic and phylogenetic laws, from w^ 
it follows that markings are an available means for the determine: a 
tion of species. 8. That the regularity of the developmen | 
markings shows that they arise from constitutional causes: of the 
The author takes the Viverrida as the original types% 
Carnivores, and believes that in the hyena, cats, dogs, <7 
weasels he can trace the form and position of markings Yao a 
by the former. He acknowledges several difficult), spotted } 
in the case of the leopard, jaguar, and other peu 
cats. He believes that the Ungulates follow the sa 
regard to markings as the Carnivores. and Map 
ZOOLOGICAL Nores.—Sponges.—Mr. Carter (Ann. ges from 
Nat. Hist., Nov.) describes thirteen new species of spon S a , 
various parts of the world. : | 
Cælenterates—Dr. R.von Lendenfeld (Ann. and Mag gims l 
Oct., 1883) gives a valuable description of the gua 
nematophores of the Plumularia. He, with Hamann, 
ah nematophore to the chitinous pep x ee pr d] 
which is truly a polyp the tentacles of which 18" ie 
while the ind i aar oils have grown together. 10 a | 
these guard-polyps are well supplied with pai adhesi 
some of those in Aglaophenia and Antennularia „rd-animals l 
cells, while some species of Aglaophenia have G and adhi ] 
machopolyps supplied with both urticating et “peliet that 
cells. The writer agrees with Hamann in t wee stat 
urticating cells of Ccelenterates are not en ‘the nerve : 
that “there exists a continuous connection be apsule, 
system and the plasma-mantle of the urticating je exerts ue 
ruptured by the pressure which the plas eam | oe 
i A preventive excitement may also issue hus exhibited 
system, and paralyze the cnidocil. There 15 ; 4 
