1884.] Anatomy and Physiology of the Family Nepide. 363 
phageal ganglion, sometimes considered the brain. This brain 
consists of two “ cerebral lobes ” slightly overlapping, and sending 
two large commissures around the cesophagus to the infra-ceso- 
phageal ganglion. The optic lobes, which are somewhat pear- 
shaped, extend obliquely from the summit of the “ cerebral 
lobes ” toward the eyes, and give rise to the numerous fibers of 
the optic nerves, 
The cerebral ganglia send nerves to the antenna, and also 
send a small branch to the frontal ganglion. This ganglion is a 
small knot of nervous matter situated on the median line of the 
head, just in front of the cerebral ganglia. The frontal ganglion 
supplies the cesophagus anteriorly, with nerve filaments and pos- 
teriorly, by filaments from a main branch extending backward un- 
derneath the “cerebral lobes.” “The respiratory ganglia,” 
which I did not find, are described by Dr. Leidy as “ two small 
ganglia behind the brain, on each side of the cesophagus and 
connected with each other and with the ‘cerebrum’ by exceed- 
ingly delicate commissural filaments.” From each side of the 
infra-cesophageal ganglion a bunch of nerves originates, which 
sends branches to the muscles and the organs of the prothorax, 
and to the anterior legs. 
A double commissure connects the infra-cesophageal ganglion 
with the complex ganglion of the mesothorax. The latter gives 
off branches anteriorly, laterally and posteriorly. The anterior 
branches partly supply the prothorax ; the lateral branches sup- 
ply mainly the organs and muscles of the meso- and metathorax 
and the posterior legs; and the posterior branches, the muscles 
and organs of the abdomen (Fig. 17). 
II. ORGANS OF SPECIAL SENSE. 
Although there is good evidence of the existence of the spe- 
cial Senses among insects, considerable speculation exists con- 
cerning the location of all, except the sense of sight. 
Touch—In these insects the sense of touch through the integ- 
ument must. be very blunt, and the real organs of this sense 
Probably are the tactile hairs found on different parts of the 
> These hairs communicate with the terminations of the 
prii fibers beneath the integument. I have often been impressed 
pe the tufts of hair found at the extremity of the 
Nepi i ans to give it a delicate 
Sense of ey epide, are especial organs gi 
