1884. ] Geology and Paleontology. 415 
GEOLOGICAL Notrs.—General—The Revue Scientifique (Jan. 
19) contains a geological map and description of Borneo, ac- 
cording to the recent explorations of Dr. T. P. Tivadartol. 
Situated in the midst of a volcanic region, this great island 
contains no active volcano. The five central mountain chains, 
which radiate from a common center and attain some 4000 
meters in height, consist of amphibole-gneiss, mica-schist, 
and talc-schist, with intercalations of peridote and serpentine, 
very strongly folded. The cincture of undulating hills around 
ese mountains is arenaceous, and is believed to be eocene, 
and the vast plains between these hills and the sea con- 
sist of ancient and’ modern alluvium. Some arenaceous clays, 
impregnated with salt, serving as a substratum to the vast salt- 
marshes of the lower parts of the island, seem older than the 
ocene hills, and may be of secondary age. The Alps of New 
Zealand, according to Mr. Green, were probably uplifted in Juras- 
sic times. The oldest rocks—granites (or possibly in part 
granitoid gneisses) appear on the western side; these are over- 
lain by crystalline schists, to which succeed slates, grits, etc., of 
Silurian and later ages. The highest rock on Mount Cook 
(12,349 feet) appears to be a quartzite, and Mr. Green mentions 
occurrence of some volcanic tuffs lower down the mountain. 
——Mr. E. T. Hardman has obtained the data for a geological 
sketch-map of 12,800 square miles in the Kimberley district of 
Western Australia, The lowest rocks are quartzites, schists an 
om metamorphic rocks, which he provisionally classes as Lower 
Silurian, but which may be Archean. These are succeeded by 
| Mestones and sandstones with gypsum, etc., supposed to be 
pper Carboniferous. The newest deposits are Pliocene sands, 
| sagan conglomerates, and marley limestones (called ‘‘ pindar”’ 
ae natives), overlaid by river gravels, extensive plains of 
bei m, and, along the sea-còast, by raised beaches. Certain 
of ir and felstones of uncertain age also occur. The report 
tw le Geological Survey of Prussia, for 1882, contains twenty- 
® important papers, by members of the staff and others, with 
-three plates of maps, sections and fossils. 
~7élaceous—M. Sintsoff has contributed to the Novorossian 
opni of Naturalists, at the University of Odessa, a monograph 
of. 
Sponges from the chalk of Soratoff. He describes a number 
a new species and four new genera. The same author has also 
igs aed on Mesozoic fossils from Simbirsk and Saratoff in which 
and bes two species of Ammonites, Aporrhais striatocarinata, 
—— other mollusca. 
fN "M. Sintsoff has described several tertiary mollusks 
tinia, V. i ossia, including species of Dreissena, Hydrobia, Neri- 
teau has d, Trochus, Amnicola, and Phasianella——M. Cot- 
tertiary gae mined twenty-one species of Echinide from the 
a Strata of St. Valois (Seine Inferieure). Eight of these 
