1884. | The Naturalist Brazilian Expedition, 469 
very large, but I will speak here only of the Mammalia. Of 
monkeys I heard of only four kinds, three of which we secured. 
The largest and commonest is a howler, called here dugiu ; it 
varies in color from a very dark reddish-brown to a bright red or 
almost ochre ; the light-colored specimens are always the older 
ones. The largest individual which we obtained was an old male 
which measured just two feet from the nostril to the root of the 
tail, the tail itself being twenty-five inches long; the girth was 
fifteen and a-quarter inches. ‘The bugius wander in considerable 
bands, nearly always among the branches, but occasionally on the 
ground ; they eat the fruits of forest trees, and perhaps birds’ 
eggs and insects. The females commonly have two young at a 
birth, and these, when traveling, cling to the long hair at the 
back of the mother’s neck; when sucking they are generally 
seated on a branch before her. This species wanders only in the 
daytime, sleeping on boughs at night.” The peculiar bony en- 
largement of the larynx, by which the hoarse cry or howl is pro- 
duced, is fully developed only in the males, the females being 
nearly dumb. When traveling the males of this Rio Grande 
Species are also silent; the emission of the cry is accompanied 
by a kind of dance in which the whole tribe takes part. This 
occurs sometimes during the day, sometimes at twilight, but in 
any case the figure of the dance is the same. The males leap 
rapidly, from branch to branch, in a circular direction, generally 
wing the outer boughs of some large tree; the females 
THa larger circle around the males. While moving the males 
li forth their peculiar cry, and the whole troop appear to be 
uch excited ; the performance may last half an hour. 
‘he howlers, it is said, can never be thoroughly. tamed ; in 
mopuyity they are morose and treacherous, often biting severely. 
There is a black AÆzeles found in the same forest, but much less 
commonly than the bugiu ; of its habits in a wild state I know 
nothing, but tame individuals are sometimes seen, and these are 
lacus and intelligent. Young ones have a curious resem- 
to human babies, amusing themselves with bits of straw 
lb i and moving their long arms helplessly ; when scolded 
A. they give vent to doleful cries, but never attempt to _ 
20ne ofan the Amazons. 
Piha nazonian species certainly wanders during the night. More than 
Passed overhea Es near Santarem, I have been awakened by the howlers which 
with their usual hoarse cry. 
