524 General Notes. [May, 
captivity and suffering. Ceballos, the sole survivor, was a pris- 
oner for five months. M. Thonar, with his party, visited the scene 
of the massacre and traversed the mysterious regions of the 
Chaco with only the loss of a single man, spite of the hostile at- 
titude of the Indians. r. Chas. Winnieke has succeeded in 
exploring and mapping about 40,000 square miles of previously 
unknown country in Australia. Distances of from 200 to 300 
miles had to be traversed across the highest sand ridges before 
water could be obtained. Mr. O’Neill, who arrived at Mozam- 
bique Feb. 4, after having traversed 1400 miles of unexplored 
country between that place and Lake Nyassa, has discovered Lake 
Amarambu, the existence of which was previously unknown, He 
reports Lake Shirwa to be smaller than has been represented. On 
his return he followed the Likelungo valley, which he found to 
e well peopled. 
GEOLOGY AND PALAONTOLOGY. 
Tue Masropons oF Nortu AmERICA.— There are probably nine 
species of the genus Mastodon which may be clearly distin- 
guished as former inhabitants of North America. The genus 
first appears in the Ticholeptus beds and continues to, if not into, 
the human period. The statement that this genus occurs in the 
White River formation is erroneous! The oldest species 1$ aed 
ably the M. proavus Cope. The Loup Fork epoch con wie 
remains of eight of the nine species, while one only, the M. 
cus Cuv., is characteristic of later ages. ae 
The following table expresses the characters of these spect 
analytical form : 
I. Intermediate molars with not more than three crests. 
a. Crests acute, transverse. 
Valleys uninterrupted. 
Ê. y p rinni low aot sieri E 
: 
i 
Last superior molar with three crests and a heel; pee | 
M. ohiohos 
Last superior molar with four crests and a heel; crests elevated not ; 
BB- Valleys interrupted. . M. serridens ; 
Edge of crest tuberculate. ......0.0ecrsceesescsncenesseeeteeue. 3 
aa. Crests transverse, composed of conic lobes. ' 
f. Valleys ? uninterrupted. M. shepardi- : 
Last inferior molar narrow, with four crests; no accessory tabeschar = 2" 3 
f- Valleys interrupted. M. .1503 smaller 
Last inferior molar with four crests and a heel; symphysis short, * M. eles. ’ 
size sain cuales sete Mee A 
Last inferior molar with four crests and a cingulum ; symphysis ene product 
size medium..... Beech ec eiccsep coches eos) eee ‘Tong, M. 14505 57° 
a ot a ea ay ee «cides altenatiMg- 
“ aaa. Crests broken into conic lobes; those of opposite SI obscure 
Last inferior molar narrow, supporting four crests and a heel. . ate 
lel, Vol. & P 
1See Report of the U. S. Geological Survey of the 40th paralle 
Last inferior molar with five crests and a heel; symphysis very ©"), angustidens: 
largest . ! 
