576 Agricultural Botany. [June, 7 
forms. The parsnip is so little domesticated that its root-forms 
in general come within the first class, while the beet, carrot, tur- 
nip and radish present forms which can be referred to both classes. 
Scolymus. Salsify. | 
Fic. 1 nae | 
The first stage of the domesticated root is, that the upper por 
tion of the root has a diameter in excess over that of the stem, 
and Fig. 2 represents the type of tap-rooted forms, in which 2 
bulbous portion may be cone-form, cylindrical or almost g! 
ular, but in all cases the swollen portion tapers into the root. 
The second stage of the domesticated root is the caudate, mark 
the root starts 
ruptly from a flattened surface, and gives a caudate appearance 
The sub-stages within this stage represent the highest 
improved forms, and are represented in Fig. 3; 2, Or the wr 
a b c d z 
FIG. 3. iar Aion ch one 
shaped, being the mark of extreme domestication, an upon the 
of the types figured standing for the motive 1m] ik fom the 
plant through conscious selection, and widely pe | 
forms which appear in nature as having no relations 
with and for the feral plant. ; 
° anies 
On account of the inter-relations of the two botanic 
prougit 
