698 Vestiges of Glacial Man in Minnesota. [July, 
the floor of a primitive manufacturing site of this character would 
be permeated to a considerable depth with chips and other refuse- 
If in studying the quartz bed, for example, the hand, introduced 
within it horizontally, was carried at all above or below the supe- 
rior or inferior plane of deposit, the fingers encountered no more 
fragments, except in spots where the layer had manifestly been 
thrown out of place by the growth of roots, and other recent 
agencies. 
- The uniform outline of the inferior plane of deposit, taken in 
connection with the total absence of chips and quartz fragments 
of every kind, from all explored portions of it, shows that these 
objects were spread out, primarily, upon a passably level surface 
of a compact, unyielding nature, such as might have been afforded 
by a firm sod, or by frozen ground. This peculiar feature of the 
situation, together with other facts hereafter to be stated, suggests 
the probability that the quartz deposit is somewhat in the nature 
of a cache, the nucleus of which was an ancient site of manufac- 
ture of stone implements. Appearances indicate that shortly 
after receiving position here, these quartzes were either solidly 
encased in ice or permanently sealed up in the modified drift at 
present superimposed upon them. Had it been otherwise, had 
the containing stratum, prior to its final inhumation, been long 
subjected to the climatic vicissitudes incident to the actual 150- 
thermal line of the region, results would no doubt have followed 
which, though differing possibly in degree, would certainly have 
been identical in kind with those now wrought out at the s 
point. Thus great thaws, soaking and softening rains, and, 1f 
short, local floods, however caused, could not have failed to affect 
exposed quartzes, to have effectually deranged and perhaps g 
gether broken up the original level of their bed, and to roa. he 
numbers of the involved: objects down to varying depths id u 
underlying stone rubbish, while sweeping others away bodi ee 
be distributed about the subjacent sands. It is desirable Z 
phasize the fact that the specified movements of so red 
merely a matter of speculation, but are the subject of dy 
observation. They are now in progress before our eyes a 
to day, not only at the quartz bed, but likewise at every egration 
point in the vicinity, at which quartz products. of disints that 
find lodgment upon a sandy substratum. Let it be ob pasis o 
the-present is not a case of degradation going on upon 4 
