702 ° Vestiges of Glacial Man in Minnesota. [ July, 
been brought to light in different portions of the stratum. In- 
deed, whenever I unearthed any individual object of compara- 
tively large size, I very often, though by no means invariably, 
found it to be associated closely with others of kindred type. I 
have exhumed from this place groups of axe-like quartzes, of 
rasping stones, of broken implements, of long prong-shaped 
objects perhaps utilized by primitive man as weapons, and of 
other rudely fashioned things at the particular uses of which itis 
impossible to guess. However, there were also divers quartz 
shapes which were scattered about through the whole deposit, 
such as hammer-stones of different descriptions, sharp pieces 
adaptable as cutting-blades and a great many sharp and long 
splinters. Some of the latter have been more or less wrought, 
while others of ruder model appear to have been selected from 
accumulations of fractured quartz with reference to unknown in- 
dustries. 
The assorted arrangement of the stratum quartzes and the per 
fect preservation of even the very frailest of them are cognate 
facts, entirely congruous with the group of statements heretofore 
advanced. They show that this deposit did not suffer derange- 
ment before its final inhumation, nor at the period when the lat- 
ter was in progress. They point strongly to the probability that 
these rude objects represent a palzolithic workshop and cache, 
the floor of which was shielded from disturbance by an !cy a 
velop, or by the gentleness of movement of the encroaching 
waters, or by both of these causes combined, as is most Be 
Were it otherwise possible for the quartz bed to be a product ° 
disintegrating forces, it would still be incomprehensible that 4 
stratum presenting the specific features of this, could have si 
exposed to the tumultuous action of air and frost Deu 3 
time requisite for working out the degradation assumed. 
equally unintelligible that it has ever been attack 
powerful currents of an onward-moving flood. These q" pase 
seem rather to have been submerged by some such cet ie 
ing action of water as we should expect in the case of al 
expansion produced by the backing up of water from below: a 
Fourth : the stratum quartzes comprise many distinct ch have 
of the mineral, distributed among a mass of pieces is of the 
apparently been derived from the quartz-bearing _ nces if 
vicinity. These fragments show strongly marked differe 
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