Psychology. 741 
stantly found; in the crayfish there was abundance of hematin 
in the bile. 
The pyloric ceca of star-fishes were found to function as a so- 
aalled liver; that is to say, they not only seem to prepare a diges- 
tive ferment, but they serve as organs for the storing and probably 
for the actual production of pigments for surface coloration; en- 
terochlorophyll is here also found. 
Hemochromogen, which is found in the bile of the crayfish 
and of the Pulmonate Mollusca, is apparently due to an animal’s 
mode of life, and does not seem to be “ distributed according to 
morphological considerations.” 
It is as yet too early to speak definitely, but there is much evi- 
dence to show that enterochlorophyll is synthetically formed in 
the body of its animal possessor. 
The second and third portions of this important paper deal 
with the vertebrate bile pigments, and some unusual urine pig- 
ments; the latter should be of interest to the physician as well as 
to the physiologist.— Journ. R. Mier. Society, Dec., 1883. 
PSYCHOLOGY. 
DARWIN’S OPINIONS on InsTINCT.—A posthumous essay on “ In- 
stinct,” by the late Charles Darwin, was read on December 6th, 
at the Linnean Society, before a very large and distinguished 
audience of fellows. The paper, which treated of the instincts 
never 
and a 
mj nkrence that though there were many aspects of the question 
a was inherited from ancestors who had to compass (for the 
of land iy or other causes) long distances, when the conditions 
; aivi considered how the more remarkable migrations could 
k teed by cold or want of food, slowly to travel northward, 
“that sae S28¢ With some birds in ti ' 
4 compulsory traveling would become instinctive, as with 
"Valleys in Spain. Now, during the long course of ages, let 
5 of the sea; and still he could well believe that the - 
Which leads the pinioned goose to scramble northward 
our bird over the trackless waters; and that, by the 
nknown power by which many animals, and savage 
