. 
1884. ] Recent Literature. 909 
phenomena of consciousness and mind. Had Dr. Coues been 
contented to let his case rest here, he could not have been an- 
swered. But he goes further, and discusses that difficult problem, 
the relation subsisting between mind and matter. He here com- 
mits the usual error, the confusing of attribute with substance, 
He talks about “ mind-stuff” and “‘soul-stuff” and denies it the 
qualities of matter. His immaterial matter he calls Biogen. 
‘Biogen” he says (p. 55), “itself of course is alive, it 2s life; and 
biogen may be defined as spirit in combination with the minimum 
of matter necessary to its manifestation.” The best way to exhibit 
the fallacies involved in this sentence, is by a paraphrase viz: 
Heat of course is in motion, it is motion; and heat may be de- 
fined as motion in combination with the minimum of matter nec- 
essary to its manifestation. The appendix is chiefly devoted to 
an exposition of this doctrine. 
i Professor Coues’s arguments for the distinctive importance of 
mind in nature” are excellent; and his reasons for believing 
that the chemical constitution of protoplasm is not all there is of 
life, are weighty. It is when he tries to wed mind and matter 
that he falls into the difficulties that have floored many others 
before him, on both the materialistic and idealistic sides of the 
question. 
Barrois’ Patasozoic FORMATIONS OF ASTURIAS AND OF GALI- 
zinc, mercury, manganese, cobalt, and coal, and on account of 
these riches more than sixty geologists, commencing with P. Gas- 
par de Ibarra in 1644, have written upon the province of Oviedo. 
evonian and Carboniferous faunz. No foraminifera have been 
noted in the Devonian limestones; madrepores, and especially 
K : Recherches sur les Terrains Anciens des Asturies et de la Galicie, par Chas. 
iois, Lille, 1882. Ouvrage accompagné d’un Atlas de 20 planches. 
