916 General Notes. [Septer ù i 
that relief was on its way. The surprise and disappointment e. 
perienced when they found themselves without efficient prote 
tion and with totally insufficient provisions, compelled to endir 
the rigors of a third winter, must have exceeded anything t | 
can be conceived by those who did not share the experien 
Reduced to feed on seaweed, rock-lichens, sealskin and shri, 
of which latter the supply was very limited, it is no wonder tit 
they gradually weakened and died. Sergeant Cross died in Ja | 
ary, in April he was followed by Christiansen (half-breed), Eè 
wards (Eskimo), Lieutenant Lockwood and Seargeants Lim, 
Rice and Jewell; four others died in May, and seven i paa | 
cluding Dr. Octave Pavy, the surgeon of the expedition, at) 
Lieutenant Kislinburg. Dr. Pavy was an experienced an 
traveler. He took part in an expedition sent out by France, 
Arrica—Madagascar.— This island, according to ore 
Grandidier, was discovered by the Portuguese on the re 
August, 1500, instead of, as usually stated, the Ist Oe 
I It was well known to the Greeks and Arabs, an of the | 
of the doubts of commentators, arising from ignorate id 
regularity of the winds and currents and the usa Th put- 
navigation, it is doubtless the Menuthias of Ptolemy. . 49° wit 
atta days’ journey given by this author, pei oie and will 
at r iyrati ese peaa e 
+7 reached by the boats now navigating thes nd roductions 
y tae 
aps 
t ean given by Arrian respecting the aspect Fi adaga 
tak” marks it upon a planisphere (date 1153), under the MY 
Chezbeza, by the lide of i oae of islands whi 
accompanying description, are the Comoro islands. - 
dier has made a fac simile of this planisphere, the 
known map on which Madagascar is shown. The fir 
maps of Apres de Mannevillette (1770), and Ower (3825) Fy 
the coasts with tolerable exactitude, but the disposit! ! 
ramifications, separated by wide valleys, while the entire 3° age 
forest-covered. The facts are widely different. The 4 „ounta 
ern part of the island is occupied by a much disturbe Ce 
