1884.] Anthropology. 953 
In addition to the monographs published in the annual report, 
works of larger range are in preparation for the series of contri- 
butions by Dorsey, Gatschet, Riggs, Pilling, Smith and Mason. 
Field work is reported by Henshaw, Hinman, MacCauley, Smith, 
Cushing and Stevenson. The following brief abstracts will give 
some notion of the papers above mentioned : 
Since 1879 Mr. Cushing has been a member of the Zufii tribe 
of Indians. No other individual in our time has enjoyed greater 
advantages of becoming familiar with the inner life of savagery. 
The Zuñis suppose the sun, moon and stars, the sky, earth and 
sea, plants, animals and men to belong to one great system of all 
conscious and interrelated life, in which the degrees of relation- 
ship seem to be determined largely, if not wholly, by the degrees 
of intimacy, It naturally follows that worship relates espe- 
cially to animals, more nearly related to man than are the remote 
powers of nature, yet more nearly related to these powers than 
to himself. Zuñi fetichism’ seems to have arisen from these rela- 
tionships. The use of fetiches is chiefly connected with the 
chase, and the six prey gods are the mountain lion, the bear, the 
badger, the wolf, the eagle and the mole, answering to the four 
points of the compass, the upper and the under world. The Zuñi 
Iliad preserves in archaic phraseology the body of this mythology. 
It is impossible here to repeat any of the charming myths, which 
must be read in full to be enjoyed at all. We call the attention 
of archzologists to the constant presence of the arrow point in 
the wrappings of the gods and also to what is said about gashes 
in arrow-shafts on page 10. : 
Mrs. Smith pursues the same line of study as Mr. Cushing, 
and having spent much time in the tribes of the Iroquois stock, _ 
has been able to collect many new myths. The remarks of the 
author with reference to a belief in the “ Great Spirit” and to the 
Hiawatha myth are of great importance. Hinu, the beneficent 
under god, holds a conspicuous place in the Iroquois pantheon. 
Next to him stand the West Wind, the North Wind, Echo and 
the Great Heads. Atotarho and Hiawatha are classed as demi- 
sods. The stories of the stone giants are full of interest, as are 
also those relating to the pigmies. In the chapter on sorcery the 
author enumerates the varieties of incantation. Chapter 1v 
relates to the origin of phenomena, to which study Major Powell 
has given the name of savage philosophy ; and chapter v 1s a collec- 
tion of stories. Chapter vı closes this most interesting produc- 
tion with a brief discussion of religion, : 
Mr. Henshaw, an accomplished zodlogist, examines carefully 
the Products of handicraft belonging to the Mound-builders, in 
order if possible to identify the species. The following are his 
Conclusions : pues 
“ That of the carvings from the mounds which can be identi- 
ed there are no representations of birds or animals not indigen- 
Ous to the Mississippi valley. 
