1004 Man in the Téertiaries. [ October, 
higher apes, and assuming, moreover, that he is limited to the 
Quaternary, we do not find in the earlier deposits what we should 
have a right to expect, namely, generalized forms of man, that is, 
creatures that while markedly ape-like in character were unques- 
tionably man. In the earliest remains of man, thus far recog- 
nized, we do have the most pronounced ape-like features, as in 
the well-known Engis and Neanderthal, and in the more recently 
discovered Tilbury and Podhaba skulls. But all these forms are 
still man, with a fair brain case whatever may be inferred regard- 
ing the depth and number of his cerebral convolutions. The 
modifications toward an ape-like structure, slight as they may 
appear, have the deepest significance in clearly indicating the 
direction from which he sprang. 
If paleontologists are right the first anthropoid ape has been 
found in the Middle Eocene, and later still a more generalized 
form called Oreopithecus which, according to Gervais, had affini- 
ties with the anthropoid apes, macaques and baboons. Side by 
side with these early apes are found chipped flints, if we are to 
accept the authority of their discoverer, Bourgeois, and the opit- 
ion of Mortillet and others. 
If man existed then, and on theoretical grounds there is n0 
reason to believe that he did not exist, where are we to look kt 
the approach of these two groups? Surely far beyond the limits 
where these evidences had hitherto been found. We must not 
be content to trace out the evidences of man in his work, for be 
fore the rudest flint was fashioned by him he must have used nat- 
ural fragments of sticks and stones, and even this faculty must iP 
indicated an advance far beyond that of his progenitors, who f 
not acquired even the habit of handling weapons. Thee 7 
evidences must be sought for in his remains, and not in his wor 
and here we meet with a difficulty which unfortunately not j 
accompanies the remains of man and those creatures having s 
affinity with him, but of other groups of animals as. Fi 
conditions which have rendered the preservation of their 
mains a matter ot chance; conditions duly recognized by the 
zontologists pertaining to their perishable nature, life habits of 
composition of the rocks in which such and such forms a i 
areon have occurred. While the remains of certain groups” 
animals are scattered through the rocks in the greatest profusio® 
of other groups, Perhaps equally numerous in individ 
