1884.] Man in the Tertiaries, IOI 
been detected. Among these races living to-day he calls atten- 
tion to the Malay and Papuan existing for so long a time under 
similar tropical influences, and yet so markedly different in their 
racial characters. 
From a study of the skulls, both ancient and modern, of the 
native races of North and South America, as well as those of 
other parts of the world, Dr. Kollman comes to the opinion that 
the sub-species of man became fixed in the preglacial period, 
and through the vicissitudes of time a greater or less influence 
has been exerted upon varieties in different areas. 
Mr. Keane, in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute for 
February, 1880, shows that the great Asiatic types, known as the 
Caucasian and Mongolian, have from prehistoric times occupied 
the Chinese peninsula. And these evidences are continually mul- 
tiplying, not only in regard to the diversity of type among early 
faces, but to their equally wide dispersion as well. 
urthermore, the evidences go to show that early man had be- 
come sufficiently differentiated to acclimate himself to widely 
different regions of the earth’s surface, ranging from the torrid to 
the arctic, while the apes were still confined to the torrid zone. 
The remains of his feasts show that he had early become omniv- 
orous, 
These facts in themselves indicate a wide gap then separating 
man from the higher apes, and add further reason for his ability 
t remain unaltered amid the universal change going on about 
im. 
The most powerful argument, in favor of the belief that man 
Must have existed in the tertiaries, lies in the very important fact 
that his earliest remains are not confined to any one region of 
the earth which might have been a centre of distribution—a 
paleolithic garden of Eden—but are found in all four quarters of 
1e earth, as the rapidly multiplying evidences are testifying. 
To go no farther back than the river drift men, if, with Dawkins, 
We admit that these are the first reliable traces of man, we find 
t these people were not confined to any one special region of 
€arth’s crust, but, on the contrary, are found impartially scat- 
tered from tropical India, through Europe, to the continent of 
North America. They could not have been distributed through 
the northern approaches of the continents unless this distribution 
Occurred in preglacial times, because, as Dawkins shows, an ice- 
VOL, Xvi11.—no, x, 64 
