i 1884.] Psychology. 1167 
shame, remorse, deceit, ludicrous. This list, which leaves many 
of the human emotions without mention, exhausts all the emo- 
_ tions of which I have found any evidence in the psychology of 
animals. Before presenting this evidence in detail, perhaps it 
will not be thought superfluous again to insist that in attributing 
this and that emotion to such and such an animal, we can depend 
only upon inference drawn from actions, and that this inference 
necessarily becomes of less and less validity as we pass through 
the animal kingdom to organisms less and less like our own; so 
that, for instance, when we get as low down as the insects, I think 
the most we can confidently assert is, that the known facts of 
human psychology furnish the best available pattern of the prob- 
able facts of insect psychology. Still, as the known facts of 
human psychology furnish the best available pattern, we must 
here, while treating of the emotional faculties, follow the same 
method which we have hitherto followed while treating of the 
intellectual faculties, viz., while having full regard to the progres- 
sive weakening of the analogy from human to brute psychology 
as we recede through the animal kingdom downwards from man, 
nevertheless using the analogy, as far as it goes, as the only in- 
strument of analysis that we possess. i 
I shall now proceed, as briefly as possible, to render the evi- 
dence which has induced me to ascribe each of the above named 
motions to animals, and remembering that I have in each case 
written the emotion upon the diagram at the level of mental evo- 
lution where I have found the earliest evidence of its occurrence, 
it follows that in the majority of cases the emotion is present in 
Se higher levels of mental evolution in a more highly developed 
an as a class, to take their origin from the growing structure 
mind at the same level as that at which the faculty of percep- 
cedents of a painful perception recur in consciousness, t 
or child Must anticipate the recurrence of that perception—— mus 
— an ideal representation of the pains, and such suffering 1s 
- And that, as a matter of fact, fear of this low or oo 
inte is manifested at about the second or third week of in u 
the € general opinion of those who have most carefully _— 
x development of infant psychology. To specify the class in the- 
animal kingdom where a true emotion of fear arises is om * 
more difficult matter, and indeed it is impossible to do so im y 
nce of any definite knowledge as to the class in penne 
on first ari But while, as previously meget e ike 
Se i “on "A y whether or not the Coelenterata, an I think the 
€rmate, are able to perceive their sensations, 
