1168 General Notes, [Novenbe, 
evidence becomes very strong in the case of insect larve and 
worms. And that both the one and the other manifest striking 
symptoms of alarm in the presence of danger may be easily 
shown. 
With reference to young children, Preyer is of opinion that the — 
earliest emotion is one of surprise or astonishment upon perceiy- 
ing any change or strikingly novel feature in the environment. 
In deference to his opinion, therefore, I have placed surprise upon 
the same level of emotional development as fear, but of course in 
both cases this level is so low that it is but the germs of 
emotions that are here supposed to be present. 
This earliest stage of emotional development (18) I have made 
to correspond with “ emotions preservative of self” The next 
stage (19) I made to coincide with the origin of “emotions pre- 
servative of species ;’’ and of these the first to appear are the 
sexual, In the animal kingdom—or rather let us say in the psy- 
chological scale—these emotions are first unequivocally exhibited 
by the Mollusca, which on this account, as well as for the reasons 
given while treating of the association of ideas, I have made to 
tral'psychological tree, and with the earliest recognition of ; 
spring on the side of the intellectual faculties. Ta vides. . 
which first satisfy all these conditions are the insects an ee 
For here, even if we exclude the Hymenoptera, we ere 
of parental affection in the care which spiders, | 
dry other insects take of their eggs and broods. A et | 
less species of insects are highly social in their habits ;, eee 
i te pugnacious; some are comple ine oie: | 
ying insects display curiosity ; and, accoraing che ei 
elaborate k n, it is pat this class that we find w 
evidence of sexual selection. : a 
oming now to level 21, I have assigned to it the ie 
ance of the emotions of jealousy, anger and play, W ag dawn 
tionably occur in fish. On level 23 I have placed f the ene 
affection other than sexual, in view of the evidence = ward th : 
tional attachment of a python which was exhibited aa 
pet. seeing ti 
On lével 24 I have placed the dawn of sympatiy, very ffl 
is emotion seems to be unquestionably, thon. oai E 
On the next level (25) I have given emulation, Pid gio 
~ Ment, æsthetic love of ornament, and terror as disting™” : 
