1234 Recent Literature. [ December, 
—— The future of scientific research in Philadelphia is not 
hopeful. The school of biology of the University of Pennsylva- 
nia has been mainly placed in charge of men who are nearly or 
quite unknown in the field of original research, one of whom has 
publicly stated his doubts of its value! Another of the positions 
has been filled by a man who is only known as a worker ina 
widely different field. This arrangement we are told, is due to the 
fact that the services of these gentlemen are given gratuitously. 
The school of veterinary medicine has been put under direction ofa 
veterinary physician who knows nothing of general comparative 
anatomy, so that a fine opportunity of fostering original research 
has been lost. The Academy of Natural Sciences has become a 
school for teaching instead of research. The only new enterprise 
in which it has recently engaged, has been the adoption of a new 
by-law, which is designed still further to diminish its usefulness. 
Both the leading societies of the city allow the occupation of 
the hours of their regular meetings by amateur disquisitions on 
the rudiments of science, such as are well adapted for popular 
lectures, but are totally out of place in such institutions. All this 
may be traced to the imbecility and selfishness of a few of the 
leading workers in that city. 
RECENT LITERATURE. 
KRAEPELIN’s Proposcis oF Musca.—Kraepelin’s paper give 
the most complete account extant of the structure of an organ 
which has excited interest since the time of Aristotle. net 
vestigations were chiefly on the proboscis of the Blow fly (M. 
vomuoria), and exclusively on its adult anatomy. The embryology 
of these parts has not been attempted by Kraepelin, baffled ve 
mann, and remains yet to be worked out. The following !S = 
abstract of Kraepelin’s paper, with pen-and-ink copies of the pe 
important of his thirty-eight fine illustrations. I venture to 3 
some criticisms in the form of foot-notes. 
GEORGE MACLOSKIE. 
PRINCETON, April 12, 1884, 
I. Cuitinous Parts AND PRELIMINARY ORIENTATION 
Muscide have nothing corresponding to the mandi 
other insects, and the first maxilla are in a rudimentary 
also 
in, 
1 Zur Anatomie u. Physiologie des Rissells von Musca, von Karl ow 
Hamburg. Zeit. f. wis. Zool., Bd. XXXIX, 1883, pp. 683-720, mit Tafel x 
