1884.] Geology and Paleontology. 1255 
same oo displaced so as so as to e in plane of quadrate, and to be seen from infe- 
e ha ral s 
he. 2. T- Colamnelta auris of ie individual of bei aa rarei huper 
g. = re side. Fig. 2a external side; 2 -a 
aie extremity head of Pe ge ecol, sea te as ian a cular 
ia epee represented i in nee c. All figures are half jemi size, €x- 
cepting 2c, which is natural siz 
Fic. 3.—Left be If scapiilar ch rg a Pelycosaurian, less easa wn pacer a 
one-half natural size. sc, scapula; cl, facet for clavicle oid; 
epicoracoid; s, open noar between coracoid and pareari ariaa the 
immaturity of the anim 
Fic. 4.—Dorsal vertebra a a ‘species of Embolophorus, one-half natural size; right 
et a, from front; 4, from below. de, intercentrum; ca, capit itular rib ‘articu- 
Fic. 5 Ästragalus of individual eas in fig. 4, one-half natural ne from be- 
ow, , ca, facets for gre eum; 7a, sa se navicular; fb 2, do, for bone of 
spur, or os tibiale. 5æ,s ene ne Fer Gaian or calcaneal hate ; J fibular 
facet. “gener e bone, p roximal o fibular extremi 
ior plantar) side, prs porini ener ze. as, astragalus; ca, ca 5 a, 
navicular bon ecc, entocuneiform, roe 
c and 
and ectocunelform ‘bones, respectively, I, II, ILL, IV, V, metatarsals. In this 
emai n the neum is displaced, being ‘turned backwards, so as to present 
pe 
ts two fear tb Mii (asf ') anterior rly. 
—E, D. Cope. 
Nore on THE PHYLOGENY OF THE VERTEBRATA. -— As my 
researches have now, as I believe, disclosed the ancestry of the 
mammals,! the birds, the reptiles, and the true fishes, or Hyo- 
pomata, I give the following phylogenetic diagram illustrating the 
same. This will only include the leading divisions. The special 
phylogenies of the Batrachia* and Reptilia and some of the 
Mammalia ê have been already given. 
Aves Mammalia 
Reptilia 
A 
Hyopomata Batrachia 
T 
Selachii Ichthyotomi Dipnoi 
Holocephali i 
Pe Marsipobranchi 
Leptocardit 
1 AMERICAN NATURALIST, 1884, p. 1136. 
i ? Proceedings a Phi adel 1867, 2 
eedings American Phil eo 7 1884, p- 585. 
3 Teg NATURALIST, 1884, p- 
apui ngs American jerat "for the 
23 
* Proceedi Am Philosophical Society, 1882, 447 5 AMERICAN NATURAL- 
IST, 1884, E oh agen ap ; Report U „S. Geol. Survey W. of rooth Mer., G. M. 
Wheeler, 1877, IV, Il, p. oe 
Advancement of Science, XIX, 
