1280 General Notes. [ December, 
PHYSIOLOGY.! 
Dors Sucar Occur 1n Heattruy Urine ?—The occurrence of 
sugar in the urine is a characteristic sign of a well known disease, 
but many observers have detected in normal healthy urine a sugar 
like glucose in quantities varying from more than .05 per cent to — 
less than .or per cent. Professor Wonn Müller has attacked 
again the question in the following form: Does sugar normally 
occur in urine? Has the nature of the food influence in deter- 
mining its presence? Does the excreted sugar differ chemically 
from that ingested ? Observations were made upon two healthy 
students whose urine proved to be sugar free. Quantities of 
starch taken just before meal time had no effect upon the com- 
position of the urine. : 
` Levalose taken in the same way was also followed by negative 
results. Milk-sugar, cane-sugar and glucose, when eaten in 
quantities of 50 to 250 grammes, could be detected in the urine. 
It is worthy of observation that the sugar thus excreted was un- 
changed chemically and had therefore been unaffected by the 
ferments of the alimentary canal or by the liver cells. During 
this excretion the amount of fluid passed was, strange to say, 
rather diminished, The greater part of the sugar found was €x- 
creted in 3 to 5 hours after ingestion. Scarcely 1 per cent of the 
sugar eaten could be recovered in the urine.—//fiiger’s Archiv. 
Bad. 34, s. 576. | 
Wuy ALBUMEN Dogs not Occur in Norma Urine—The laws 
regulating diffusion in the living body are among the most impor- 
tant and darkest problems of physiology. Albumen passes, un 
the forces of diffusion and filtration, through the walls of 
blood-vessels into the lymph spaces ; why does not albumen i 
its way in the same manner into the glomeruli of the kidney 5 
form a normal constituent of urine? Graham showed, one : 
that various inorganic salts were capable of different rates © od 
fusion and that the individual diffusibility of each might be alte 
when more than one salt were mixed together; in genera’ i 
diffusion of the less soluble salt was retarded. Regeczy, a 
from these facts, has come to some interesting conclusions ‘ 
cerning the conditions regulating the diffusion of albumen. ei 
finds that albu in th f a neutral salt diffuses 1” 
men in the presence o on, and this 
difference is more marked the more salt the mixtur 
Albumen diffuses more readily into salt sol 
tilled water. Diffusion of albumen proceed 
dilute than concentrated solutions. Pressure upon 
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