Sk ptt et a ee eee ie i ae 
i a ve: mer SA 
Tylor took part. All the speakers 
1884. | Anthropology. 1287 
ground, or vice versa. The rude pictorial emblems generally em- 
ployed resembled the early Chinese characters. Wampum was 
also devoted to sacrificial and funeral ceremonies. It has been 
found in abundance in the mounds of the Mississippi valley ; and, 
in our own times, was in vogue west of the Rocky mountains. 
In traffic, the value was rated sometimes by the length of the 
strings, sometimes by the number of beads. There was a 
larger kind, consisting of oblong strips, with holes for stringing. 
Going far to the westward there was found among the Microne- 
sian islanders an almost similar usage. They made their wam- 
pum of the disks of shells, of cocoa-nuts or of the tortoise-shell, 
In the Loo-Choo islands the inhabitants had what was known as 
“cash,” small circular copper coins. The Chinese themselves an- 
ciently used tortoise-shells. Of the earliest Chinese copper 
money, some pieces were round, others oblong. The Celestials 
had also mock-money, made of tin foil and paper for sacrificial 
uses, which might be taken as evidence that their money at first 
consisted of combustible material. The inference to be drawn 
from the existence of such media of commercial exchange among 
those oriental peoples was, that at some period the idea of shell 
money had been carried from East Asia or Micronesia to the 
dians. Whether, however, the use of wampum was derived from 
the East or not, it could not be denied that it gave evidence of 
good. intellectual powers. It was to be regretted that a subject of 
ica. At present there was great scarcity of wampum pa 
though some that had been preserved were of deep interest a 
of considerable historical value. One which was arnie to t r 
audience was said to be 160 years old. It was of rare beauty O 
make and significant design. Four dark squares (the rest ee 
of white beads) were interpreted to mean four Indian rae : i 
\ i ibited was even more remarka 
other which Mr. Hale exhibi irange goeie 
for mnemonic purposes was also exp 
Showed photographs o a s 
indebted for his F nterpretation. Interesting to Canadians were 
e paper gave rise to a most anima 
= Cushing (who had spent so ns aa amon 
rminni itl j nam, , 
dians), Mrs. Erminnie Smith, Mr. E a the Oop: miie 
