212 



concentrated by adding sugar, and evaporating to a syrupy con- 

 sistence ; it is then suitable for mixing with tea, coffee, &c, as a 

 substitute for milk proper. " Tofu " is a food product used in Japan 

 made from the above preparation, and it in turn forms the basis of the 

 " bean cheeses " of that country (Katayama, Bull. College of Agric. 

 Tokyo, vii. 1906, p. 118). Bean cheese is said to be a very popular 

 article of food with all classes of natives ; it costs about 1 cent a 

 cake, and about 6 or 8 cents a pound (Ridley, Agric. Bull. Straits 

 and Fed. Malay States, 1904, p. 496). 



The beans are also an important article of food, being used in the 

 East like peas in this country, as a vegetable, in soups, &c, and 

 roasted and ground they are made into a beverage somewhat 

 resembling coffee. 



The meal is used in the manufacture of biscuits, and in the prepa- 

 ration of a bread intended for special use in diabetes ; probably 

 because of the absence of sugar and starch in the seed. 



The principal use of the beans in this country is for the extraction 

 of the oil, of which they contain about 18 per cent, suitable for soap 

 making, and in general as a substitute for cotton-seed oil. The 

 residue after the extraction of the oil is suitable for feeding cattle, 

 and for this purpose appears likely to become a serious competitor 

 of cotton-seed cakes, suntlower-seed cakes, linseed cakes, &c. The 

 beans can be bought in London at about £5 to £6 per ton, the oil 

 realises about £21 to £22 per ton, and the cake about £6 to £7 per 

 ton. The price of the beans f.o.b. at Vladivostok in 1909 was 

 72 copecks per pood (As. Sd. per cwt.), made up approximately as 

 follows (Board of Trade Journ. No. 665, Aug. 26th, 1909, p. 423.) :- 



Price in Kharbin (or Harbin) ... 



Rail to Vladivostok 



Station dues 



Chinese Export duty 



Discharging trucks and loading 

 Bank charges 



Total 



Yellow Soya Beans grown in West Africa have been found quite 

 equal in their constituents to those grown in Japan or China. The 

 result of the analysis was as follows : Moisture, 10 • 52 ner cent.; Ash, 

 4-62; Oil, 17-26; Albuminoids. 36*05 ; Carbohydrates, 26 • 16 ; and 

 Woody Fibre, 5*39 per cent. (Edie, Bull. No. 1, 1909, p. 7, Inst. 

 Comm. Res. Liverpool Univ.). According to analyses of the several 

 varieties of seed (I.e. p. 6), from India and the United States 

 of representative samples of different shipments into Liverpool, the 

 constituents appear to vary to no appreciable degree in any of the 

 varieties. As a feeding material the Soya Beans are considered as of 

 greater value than English Beans by one-third, or in other words, 

 three tons of Soya Beans have a feeding value equal to four tons of 

 average English Beans (Smetham, Journ. Roy. Lane. Agric. Soc. 1909, 

 reprint, p. 5). 



* 5 copecks ss 2d. ; 20 = 7$d., 

 a pood = 3G-114 lbs. 



* Copecks. 





.. 44 



nei 



• *pood 



.. 18^ 





n 



.. h 





•a 



•• H 





» 



.. 2-| 





11 



.. 4 





11 



,.. 72 



per pood. 



