324 



The bark is used for tanning — morocco leather is usually tanned 

 with it. 



The dried rind of the fruit is used medicinally in India for 

 diarrhoea and dysentery ; the flowers possess astringent properties, 

 and the root is anthelmintic. 



The selected branches or young plants are used for making walking 

 sticks, imported from Algeria (Howell & Co. Mus. Kew). 



Grows freely from seed, which may be sown in Nursery beds, 

 grown on in bamboo pots or planted out in permanent places when 

 about 6 in. or a foot high. The plant makes a good fence, and for 

 this purpose may be established by sowing seeds in position : putting 

 in stout cuttings, or transplanting from the Nursery. 



Under cultivation there are several forms differing more or less in 

 the colour of the flowers both single and doable, and therefore only 

 of ornamental value. 



Plants are distributed from the botanical department at Oloke- 

 Meji. 



Ref. — " Cortex Granati Fructus," in Pharmacographia, FJiickiger & 



Hanbury, pp. 289-290. " Cortex Granati Radicis," I.e. pp. 290-292, 



" Punica Granatum" in Med. PI. Bentl. & Trimen, No. 113, 



5 pages. ■" Punica Granatum" in Diet. Econ. Prod. India, Watt, 



vi. 1892, pp. 368-372. " Grenadier," in Les Drogues Simples 



d'origine vegetale, Planchon & Collin, ii. pp. 322-328. 



ONAGRARIEAE. 

 Trapa, Linn. 



Trapa bispinosa, Roxb. ; Fl. Trop. Afr. II. p. 491. 



/«.— Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi. t. 33 ; Roxb. PI. Corom. t. 234 ; 

 Duthie, Field Crops, t. 98. 



Vernac. names. — Birijin liam (Fufulde, Dalziel). — Singhara nut. 



Yola (Dalziel, No. 67, 1909, Herb. Kew) ; Zambesi River, 

 E. Africa (Kirk), occurs also in India and Ceylon. 



An important article of food in Yola (Dalziel, Kew Bull. 1910, 

 p. 141) ; Zambesi (Kirk, Herb. Kew, Mus. Kew) ; Lukugu River, 

 E. Trop. Africa (Last, Mus. Kew) ; in Kashmir and India (Watt, 

 Diet. Econ. Prod. India) etc. where found in sufficient quantities. 



Cultivated in pools by Pagans, Yola (Dalziel, I.e.), and cultivated 

 or found as an aquatic — usually in lakes, pools, tanks or 

 comparatively sluggish water, everywhere. 



Ref. — " Trapa bispinosa" in Field and Garden Crops of the N.W. 



Prov. and Oudh, Duthie & Fuller, iii. pp. 32-34. " Trapa 



bispinosa" in Diet. Econ. Prod. India, Watt, vi. pt. 4, 1893, 



pp. 73-75. " Indian Water Chestnut, Trapa bispinosa" Hooper, 



in Pharm. Journ. [3] xxiv. pp. 22-23 ; Abstract in Year Book of 



Pharmacy, 1894, pp 168-169 with analysis of powdered kernels. 



" Trapa bispinosa" in Comm Prod. India, Watt, p. 1080. 



Trapa natans, Linn. ; Fl. Trop. Afr. II. p. 491. 



III.— Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. PI. i. t. 26 ; Lam. Encycl. t. 75 ; 

 Plenck, Ic. t. Q6 ; Schk. Handb. t. 25 ; Sturm, Flora (Onagraricae\ 

 Ann. Mus. Paris, xvi. (1810) t. 19 (en plaine germination) ; Bot. 

 Reg. (1817) t. 259 ; Diet. Sc. Nat. t. 219 ; Nees von Esenbeck, Gen. 

 Plant. Fl. Germ. iii. t. 215 ; Ann. Sc. Nat. Paris, ix. (1848) tt. 12-15 



