62 THE GEORGE CATLIN INDIAN GALLERY. 



The Yanktonais, a diminutive of the preceding name, and meaning the lesser or the 

 little people of the End Village. Lewis and Clark described them as the Yanktons 

 of the Plains, or Big Devils, who were on the heads of the Sioux, Jacques, and Red 

 Rivers. Their present range is on the Missouri, above the Yanktons. From one 

 branch of this band the Assiniboines are said to have sprung. 



Pab6ksa, or Cut Heads, a branch of the Yanktons, and ranging above them. 



The I-san-teis, or Santees, another sub-band of the Yanktons, living originally in 

 Minnesota and Iowa, but since lately on the Missouri, near the Yanktons. 



West of the Missouri, occupying the greater portion of Dakota, Wyoming, and por- 

 tions of Montana and Nebraska, the general name of Tetons, or Teton wans (" Village 

 of the Prairie") has been given to the seven principal bands of the Dakotas inhabit- 

 ing that region. Lewis and Clark placed them on their map in only two principal 

 divisions, viz, as the "Tetans of the Burnt Woods" Brule's), and the "Tetans Saone," 

 from which some suppose the word Sioux has been derived for the whole Dakota na- 

 tion. The seven subdivisions as now recognized are the — 



1. Siha-sa-pas or Blackfeet, on the Missouri in the neighborhood of the Cannon-ball 

 River. 



2. The Si-chan-koo or Burnt Thighs (Brule's, Spotted Tail's band), ranging on the 

 Niobrara and White Rivers, from the Platte to the Cheyenne. 



3. Oncapapas, or " those who camp by themselves," who roam over the country 

 between the Cheyenne and Yellowstone Rivers. 



4. Minnekonjous, "those who plant by the water," south of the Black Hills. 



5. lid-zip-clio, or Sans Arcs, "without bows," affiliating with the Oncapapas and 

 Blackfeet, and ranging over much the same country. 



6. OgaJallas occupy the country between Fort Laramie and the Platte, although 

 they are now confined to a reservation in the northwestern corner of Nebraska. Have 

 the reputation of being the most friendly disposed towards the whiles of all the Tit- 

 onwans. Red Cloud, so well known as an Indian diplomat, is chief of this band. 



7. O-he-nom-pas, or Two Kettles. Live principally about Fort Pierre, against whom 

 it is said very few complaints have ever been made, they having always observed 

 faithfully the stipulations of their treaties with the United States. — W. H. J., 1877. 



Ill the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1870 there 

 are 21 sub-bands of Dakotas enumerated, numbering, in the aggregate, 

 53,044. 



All of the Sioux, save a few stragglers, are now on reservations (June 

 30, 1885). 



The Sioux are included under 12 agencies, 9 in Dakota, 2 in Montana, and 1 in Ne- 

 braska, at all of which, except at Fort Belknap, a beginning in Indian farming has 

 been made, in spite of all discouragements by reason of unsuitable location and the 

 demoralizing influences of " the hostiles." 



The Ogalallas at Red Cloud Agency, who have almost entirely abandoned the chase 

 on account of scarcity of game, depend almost entirely upon the Government for 

 their support. Their small beginnings in cultivating the soil came to naught through 

 the grasshoppers. The Brule's at Spotted Tail Agency have a thriving school with 75 

 pupils, and cultivated some lands. At the Upper Missouri agencies but little has been 

 done beyond feeding the Indians who report to them for that purpose, their attempts 

 at farming resulting in failures on account of the grasshopper pest. The Yanktons, 

 Santees, Sissetons, Wahpetons, and other Sioux on the Lower Missouri and in eastern 

 Dakota, have made more substantial progress in civilization, many of them braving 

 permanently discarded their Indian habits and dress, and live in houses, and are 

 nearly self-supporting. The Santees, those in Nebraska especially, have entirely re- 

 nounced their old form of life; have churches and Sabbath-schools, which are regu* 

 larly attended. They have a monthly paper, printed in their native language, with 

 an edition of 1,200 copies. 



