130 THE GEORGE CATLIN INDIAN GALLERY. 



214. Span-e-o-nee-kaw, the Spaniard. 



215. Hoo-w'a-ne-kaw, the Little Elk. 



Hoo-wau-nee-kah, 'the Little Elk," was another of the distinguished men of the tribe 

 (Winnebagoes). He had likewise been at Washington (one of a delegation of sixteen 

 Winnebagoes, who had accompanied their agent, and Major Forsythe — or the Chip- 

 pewa, as he was called— on a visit to President Jackson, at Washington, in 1830). 

 Henry Clay, when he visited them, utter looking carefully at the countenances and 

 hearing of all of the members of the deputation, had indicated him (Hoo-wau-nee- 

 kah, or Little Elk) as the- one possessing the greatest talent, and lie was greatly 

 pleased when informed that he was the principal orator of the nation and decidedly 

 superior in abilities to any other individual of the tribe.— Mrs. John II. Kinzie, "Wau- 

 Bun," p. 91. 



216. No-ak-choo she-kaw, lie who breaks the Bushes. 



217. Naugh-haigh-hee kaw, He who moistens the Wood. 

 All distinguished men of the tribe. All painted in lb36. 



DAKOTA— SIOUX— WINNEBAGOES. 

 MR. CATLIN'S NOTES ON THE WINNEBAGOE INDIANS. 



Prairie du Chien is the concentrating place of the Winnebagoes and Menomonies, 

 who inhabit the waters of the Wisconsin and Fox Rivers, and the chief part of the 

 country lying east of the Mississippi and west of Green Bay. 



The Winnebagoes are the remnant of a once powerful and war-like tribe, but are 

 now left in a country where they have neither beasts or men to war with, and are. 

 in a most miserable and impoverished condition. The numbers of this tribe do not 

 exceed four thousand, and the most of them have sold even their guns and ammuni- 

 tion for whisky. Like the Sioux and Menomonies that come in to this post, they 

 have several times suffered severely with the small -pox, which has. in fact, destroyed 

 the greater proportion of them. — G. C., 1836, from Praric du Chien. 



THE WINNEBAGOES. 



The Winnebagoes are a branch of the great Dakota family, calling themselves 

 O-tckuugu-rah, and by the Sioux, Hotanke, or the Big-voiced people; by the Chip- 

 peways, Winnebagonk — whence their common English name— a word meaning men 

 from the fetid waters. The French knew them as LesPnans (the Stinkers), supposed 

 to have been given them in consequence of the great quantity of decaying and putrid 

 fish in their camps when first visited by white men. With some others they formed 

 the van of the eastward migration of the Dakotas, penetrating apparently some dis- 

 tance, but were forced back to Green Bay. This was some time previous to 1670, as 

 the map of the French Jesuit missionaries, dated 1671, styles Green Bay the "Bayo 

 des Puans," and the map accompanying Marquette's journal, dated 1681, notes a vil- 

 lage of the " Puans" as near the north end of Winnebago Lake on the west side.* 



They were then numerous and powerful, holding in check the neighboring Algonkin 

 tribes, but soon after an alliance of tribes attacked and very nearly exterminated 

 them. Became firm friends of the French until the Revolution, when they joined the 

 English ; made peace with the colonists afterward, hut sided with the English again 

 in 1812. In 1820 they numbered about 4,500, and were living in five villages on Winne- 



* Alexander Eainsey. 



