THE GEORGE CATLIN INDIAN GALLERY. 133 



225. Tcha-kauks-o-ko-maugh, the Great Chief (boy). Painted in 1S36. 



(Plate No. 261, page 147, vol. 2, Catlin's Eight Years.) 



226. Ati nah-kwet-to-hau-pay-o, the One sitting in the Clouds; a fine hoy. 



227. Auh-ka-nah-paw-w£h, Earth Standing; an old and very valiant warrior. 



228. Ko-m£n-i-kin, the Big Wave, called the "Philosopher" ; a very old and distin- 



guished chief. 



229. O-ho-pak-sha, the Small Whoop; a hard-visaged warrior, of most remarkable 



distinction. 



230. Ah-yaw-ne-tah-car-ron, ; a warrior. 



231. Au-wah-shew-kew, the Female Bear; wife of the above (No. 230). 

 All painted in 1836. (No plates.) 



232. Coc-coo-coo, the Owl; a very old and emaciated chief; sits smoking a hand- 



some pipe. Painted in 1830. 



(Plate No. 262, page 147, vol. 2, Catlin's Eight Years.) 

 In Plate 262, No. 232, is Coo-coo-coo (the Owl), a very aged and emaciated chief, 

 whom I painted at Green Bay, in Fort Howard. He had been a distinguished man, 

 but now in his dotage, being more than a hundred years old — and a great pet of the 

 surgeon and officers of the post. — G. C. 



233. W£h-chees, ; a brave. Painted in 1836. 



234. Clie~sh-ko-tong, He who sings the War-Song. Painted in 1836. 



235. 236. Two in a group, names not known; one with his war-club, and the other 



with his lute at his mouth. Painted in 1836. 



(Plate No. 263, page 148, vol. 2, Catlin's Eight Years.) 



Two Menominee youths at full length, in beautiful dresses, whose names I did not 

 get — one with his war-club in his hand, and the other blowing on his "courting flute," 

 which I have betore described. — G. C. 



ALGONKIN— MENOMONEES. 

 MR. CATLIN'S NOTES ON THE MENOMONEE INDIANS. 



Like the Winnebagoes, the Menomonees are the remnant of a much more numerous 

 and independent tribe, but have been reduced and enervated by the use of whisky 

 and the ravages of the small-pox, and number at this time something like 3,000, living 

 chiefly on the banks of Fox River and the western shore of Green Bay. They visit 

 Prairie du Chien, where their annuities are paid them ; and they indulge in the lane, 

 like the tribes that I have mentioned. This tribe, living out of the reach of buffaloes, 

 cover themselves with blankets instead of robes, and wear a profusion of beads and 

 wampum and other trinkets. — G. C. 



THE MENOMONEES. 



Were known to the French as early as 1640, and were then living on the Menomo- 

 nee River, emptying into Green Bay, Wisconsin. Their name is that of the wild rice 

 upon which they largely depend for their subsistence. This is one of the few tribes 

 in the United States who have never been removed from their old home, and are still 

 residing on the same spot where they were first known. Served with the French 

 against the Foxes in 1712, and against the English up to 1763, participating in Brad- 

 dock's defeat, battles of Fort William Henry and the Plains of Abraham. Were allies 

 of the English during the Revolution, and also in the second war with Great Britain. 

 In 1831 commenced ceding their lands to the Government for money payments, until 

 they were finally located, in 1854, in their present reservation in Shawano County, 

 Wisconsin, consisting of 231,680 acres of very poor land (but with pine forests of 

 value). They are declining rapidly in numbers. In 1822 were estimated at 3,900; 



