THE GEORGE CATLIN INDIAN GALLERY. 439 



customs, Mr. Catlin shows his powers of observation and desire for 

 truthful research. 



The Mandan portraits are Nos. 127-142. 



The landscapes, sporting scenes, and customs Nos. 379, 392, 431, 433, 

 43o, 440, 455, 456, 464, 476, 498, 502, 503. 



The religious ceremonies are Nos. 504, 505, 506, 507. 



MR. CATLIN AT THE MANDAN VILLAGE, AND HIS JOURNEY TO IT. 



Mr. Catlin left Fort Union in July, 1832, and sailed down the Missouri 

 'River in a canoe to the Mandan village, now Mandan, opposite Bis- 

 marck, Dak. He passed many bands of Indians, and in some cases 

 landed and painted them. Ho writes: 



Soon after the writing of my last letter, which was dated at the mouth of Yel- 

 lowstone, I embarked on the river for this place, where I landed safely, and have 

 resided for a couple of weeks a guest in this almost subterranean city, the strangest 

 place in the world, where one sees in the most rapid succession scenes which force 

 him to mirth, to pity and compassion, to admiration, disgust, to fear and astonish- 

 ment. But before I proceed to reveal them, I must give you a brief sketch of my 

 voyage down the river from the mouth of the Yellowstone River to thi3 place, a dis- 

 tance of two hundred miles, and which my little note-book says was performed some- 

 what in the following manner : 



When I had completed my rambles and my sketches in those regions, and Ba'tiste 

 and Bogard had taken their last spree, and fought their last battles, and forgotten 

 them in the final and affectionate embrace and farewell (all of which are habitual 

 with these game-fellows when settling up their long-standing accounts with their 

 fellow-trappers of the mountain streams), and after Mr. McKenzie had procured for 

 me a snug little craft that was to waft us down the mighty torrent, wq launched otf 

 one fine morning, taking our leave of the fort, and the friends within it, and also, for- 

 ever, of the beautiful green fields and hills, and dales, and prairie bluffs, that en- 

 compass the enchanting shores of the Yellowstone. 



Richard Windsor, Joseph Whitehouse, John Newman, George Drewyer or George Drulyard, and 

 Tousaint Chabono (the last two interpreters), the wife of the interpreter Chabono, a Snake sqnaw and 

 her child, and "York," a colored servant to Captain Clark, who died at Richmond, Va., in the fall of 

 1879. 



President Jefferson himself prepared the written instructions for Captain Lewis. The party in 

 boats entered the Missouri River May 4, 1804. In 1805, in the summer, they crossed the Rocky Mount- 

 ains. November 15, 1805, they landed at Cape Disappointment. They had passed down Lewis River 

 (now known as Snake River) to its junction with the Columbia and thence to the Pacific Ocean. They 

 spent the winter of 1805-'06 at Fort Clatsop, on the south side of the Columbia. 



The expedition returned to Saint Louis September 23, 1806, after an absence of two years and three 

 months, and it furnished the first particular and reliable information of the region between the Mis- 

 sissippi River and the Pacific Ocean. Many editions of their report of the expedition were published, 

 and also the diary or journal of Sergeant Patrick Gass. By act of March 3, 1807, Congress ordered 

 warrants for 1,600 acres of land to Lewis and Clark, respectively, and warrants for 320 acres each to 

 the names given above as composing the expedition, except the colored man "York," who received no 

 warrant. These warrants were located on the west side of the Mississippi River, or were to be received 

 at '$2 per acre for any such lands. Double pay for time while employed in the expedition to the Pacific 

 was voted all parties. Lewis was afterwards, in 1807, made governor of Louisiana Territory, and died 

 October 11, 1809, near Nashville, Tenn. Clark became a brigadier-general, and was made governor of 

 Missouri Territory from 1813 to 1820, and died September 1, 1838. Lewis's Fork of Columbia, or the 

 south branch of the Columbia, rising in Wyoming and running through Idaho, known as Snake or 

 Shoshone River, is named after Captain Lewis. The north fork of the Columbia is called Clarke's 

 Fork. It rises in Montana, flows west to the junction with the Snake, near Wallula, and forms the 

 Columbia. It was named after Captain Clark. A county in Montana also commemorates their names, 

 being called Lewis and Clark County.— T. D, 



