1870.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 197 



Marathi, though retaining the h, lengthens the first vowel and 

 changes the e to t, giving dmhi. Gujarati ame, or hame, is inter- 

 mediate between Uriya and Hindi ; Panjabi and Sindhi asin though 

 older, inasmuch as they retain the *j of Skr. asmah, yet are less perfect, 

 inasmuch as they drop the m. 



Without going through the whole line of pronouns which would 

 take too much space, I would here merely call attention to the 

 facts that of all these forms, Uriya is not more closely allied to 

 Bengali than to any of the other sister languages ; that the Uriya 

 form is quite as genuine a descendant of the Sanskrit as any of 

 them ; and lastly that the Uriya form having retained elements 

 which the Bengali has lost, it is absurd to say that the former 

 is derived from the latter. I merely give the second person as an 

 illustration without comment. 





n. 



g. ace. 





n. 



g- 





Uriya Sing. 



tu, 



tor, tote, etc. 



PL 



tumhe, 



tumhar, 



&c. 



Hindi 



tu, 



tera, tujh, etc. 



PI. 



turn, 



tumhara, 



&c. 



Bengali 



tui, 



tor, toke 



PL 



tumi, 



toniar, 



&c. 



Marathi 



tun, 



tujha, tuj 



PL 



tuhmi, 



tumcha, 



&c. 



Panjabi 



tun, 



tera, tainun, 



PL 



tusin, 



tusadha, 



&c. 



Sindhi 



tun, 



tunhujo, tokhe, 



PL 



tavain, 



* tahvanjo. 



, &c. 



Gujarati 



tun, 



taro, tune, 



PL 



tame, 



tamaro, 



&c. 



In the noun, we observe the usual transition from the synthetical 

 to the analytical formation. Here too there is considerable ap- 

 proximation to Bengali in some respects, though it will be seen 

 that there is equally close approximation to the other languages. 



The accusative proposition hi is nearer to Hindi ho than to 

 Bengali he ; and the likeness is strengthened by the fact that, as in 

 Hindi, hu does duty for the dative as well. 



The instrumental exists only with a periphrastic form dwdrd, 

 and the system of pray og as or constructions has not here received 

 that full and perplexing elaboration that constitutes the difficulty 

 of Hindi, and in a still greater degree of Marathi. 



The ablative is formed by the postposition thdru (sthan ru) or 

 simply ru " from," which is evidently connected with the sign of 



* Also tahin, avhin, anin &c. The want of a good literary standard of spell- 

 ing is felt very strongly in all the seven languages, notably so in Sindhi. 



