1-8 7 O.J Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 207 



still retains its position, and we need not, therefore, take ■ it to be a 

 serious difficulty in the way of the affiliation of the Uriya dialect. 



The dative is in most instances a counterpart of the accusative, 

 and so is it in Uriya and Bengali. 



In Sutton's Uriya grammar, the sign of the instrumental is te. It 

 is the same in Bengali, and that case in the two languages may 

 therefore be taken as identically the same. Mr. B e a m- e s, however, 

 does not notice this mark, and gives dvdrd ; but that form occurs more 

 frequently in Bengali than te, and consequently the argument is 

 not at all altered. 



The ablative in ancient and spoken Bengali, is formed by the addi- 

 tion of theke, a compound of the verb sthou, with the expletive h already 

 adverted to in connexion with the accusative. In Uriya, it is formed 

 with the same auxiliary verb and the mark of elision u =■ thdru : 

 a later improvement has dropped the verb and retained only ru. 



Mr. B e a m e s admits the genitive to be alike in Uriya and Bengali, 

 so I need say nothing about the origin of the sign for that case. 



The locative in Sanskrit is e, and in Uriya and Bengali we have 

 exactly the some form — hate from hdta a hand. But there are other 

 forms likewise current, thus we have te in hdtete in Bengali, and 

 hdtare and hdtere in Uriya ; but the last is not peculiar. In the 

 Chandi, a Bengali book about three centuries old, we find the pas- 

 sage CWTCSfl 4?R C^C^T C$T<tf1C?r JfTHf^, and in the dialects of 

 Sylhet and Oachar the re form is the only one in use. In the spoken 

 language of Dacca, it likewise occurs very frequently. 



The vocative is alike in both the languages ; and so we have in 

 seven out of eight cases,the two languages to correspond very closely, 

 and in one only (the fifth) to differ but slightly. 



The plural in Bengali is formed very differently under different 

 circumstances ; but mostly by the addition of a noun or adjective of 

 multitude ; such as, gana, barga, chaya, sulcata, sarha, &c. &c. In 

 Uriya, there is more fixity in the rule, and the word mdna, for 

 weight or measure, is generally, though not uniformly, employed : 

 the use of that word, however, is not unknown in Bengali, and the 

 Pandit, whose book Mr. B e a m e s has reviewed, has given several 

 instances of it from old Bengali works. On the other hand, the Ben- 

 gali plural mark sala is also frequently used in spoken Uriya, and 



