806 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec. 



(Monghyr). The river Man traverses tlie district and flows east 

 of Hunger into the Ganges. 



At the time of the conquest of Bihar and Bengal by Akbar, 

 (A. D. 1574-75), there were in Bihar three powerful Zamindars — 

 Rajah Gajpati of Hajipdr (Patna), Rajah Puran Mall of Gidhor 

 (S. W. of Kharakpiir), and Rajah Singrain of Kharakpiir. Gajpati 

 was totally ruined by the Imperialists whom he opposed ; but 

 Piiran Mall and Singram wisely submitted and assisted Akbar's 

 generals in the wars with the Afghans. When the great Mutiny 

 of Bihar and Bengal broke out, Singram, though not perhaps very 

 openly, joined the rebels, but submitted again to the Mughuls, 

 when Akbar's general Shahbaz Khan marched against him. He 

 was so anxious to avoid coming in open contact with Akbar, that 

 he handed over to Shahbaz the strong fort of Mahda.* But he 

 never paid his respects personally at Court, where his son, apparently 

 as hostage, was detained, and remained submissive till Akbar's 

 death (1605). The accession of Jahangir and the rebellion of Prince 

 Khusrau inclined him to make a final attempt to recover his in- 

 dependence and to collect his forces which, according to Jahangir's 

 Memoirs, consisted of about 4000 horse, and a large army of foot- 

 soldiers. Jahangir Quli Khan Lalah Beg, governor of Bihar, lost 

 no time in opposing him, and Singram whilst defending himself, 

 was killed by a gunshot (1606). 



Singram' s son, whom Jahangir calls a favourite of his, was not 

 immediately installed on his father's death ; but had to wait till 

 1615, when on his conversion to Islam he was allowed to return to 

 Bihar. Like several Rajahs, he retained after his conversion the 

 title of his ancestors, and is known in Muhammadan histories as 

 Rajah llozafzun.] He remained devoted to the service of the 

 emperor, and was in 1628, when Jahangir died, a Commander of 

 1500 (brevet rank), and 700 horse. 



On Shahjahan's accession (1628), Rajah Rozafzdn entered active 

 service. He accompanied Mahabat Khan to Kabul in the war with 

 Nazr Muhamniad Khan, king of Balkh, and served later in the ex- 

 pedition against Jhujhar Singh Bundelah. In the 6th year of Shah- 



* Malnhi, |J.^/o f I cannot find the fort on the maps. 

 t Roz-aftrifa, <-lai]y increasing, growing- in power. 



