AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
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THESE MACHINES ARE USED ON MANY OFTHE LEADING 
GOLF COURSES 22 PUBLIC PARKS THROUGHOUT THE 
UNITED STATES. THEY IMPROVE 270 BEAUTIFY THE 
LAWN AS NO OTHER MACHINE CAN azo AT MUCH LESS COST. 
Jend for Catalogue 
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LANE BROS. CO., Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
Vewburoh, VY ea 
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Are the easiest running, 
most nearly noiseless, 
strongest, as well as the 
most durable hanger on 
the market to-day. For 
twenty-five years univer- 
sally recognized in the 
Building Trade as the 
very best Hanger made. 
Get our catalog of other 
goods. 
March, 1912 
same manner as a tin or galvanized iron 
roof, they “‘buckle.” This is caused on ac- 
count of no provision having been made 
for expansion and contraction. To con- 
struct a durable copper roof, small strips 
should be soldered to the sheets, and the 
strips alone nailed to the roof. The sheets 
are bent on the edges so as to fit into the 
sheets next to them. Of course, the strips 
allow considerable expansion and contrac- 
tion to take place without injury to the 
roof. This method has been tested over 
and over again and has not failed, while 
copper roofs tightly fastened down, with 
no such provision for changes in the tem- 
perature of the metal, buckled outwardly 
in hot weather. Then when contraction 
took place, the metal was subjected to a 
great strain, and in time a crack formed, 
and the water could leak through. It is a 
very expensive matter to repair such roofs. 
COPPER VALLEYS. 
Instead of soldering sheets together to 
form valleys, the sheets should simply lap 
over one another at the joints. This 
method will prevent the harmful effects of 
expansion and contraction. <A _ perfectly 
tight valley results from placing the ma- 
terial in this manner. It is also a very ex- 
pensive matter to renew valleys, and it is 
best to construct them properly at the start. 
COPPER LEADERS. 
On account of their construction copper 
leaders are not injured by expansion and 
contraction. It is obvious that if they ex- 
pand outwardly or contract inwardly, the 
only difference is that they are of a slightly 
different diameter. 
COPPER GUTTERS. 
Outside copper gutters are not affected 
by expansion or contraction. This is of 
course due to the way they are built. “In- 
side” or “trough” gutters if made of cop- 
per, especially if they are long, are affected 
by changes of temperature, and tend to 
“buckle.” It would seem wise not to use 
copper for such gutters, but to use the best 
quality of tin. On the writer’s house, gut- 
ters so constructed of tin have been in use 
for over twenty years and are in good shape 
to-day. Of course they have been kept 
carefully painted. 
CONCLUSION. 
In conclusion the writer trusts that what 
he has written may enable those who use 
copper to secure the best results. The great 
increase in the use of the material for the 
purposes mentioned in this article, and the 
apparent lack of knowledge on the part of 
many of its users as to the best methods 
of employing it, led him to think such in- 
formation was needed. 
SS) 
NINETEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH CERAMIC 
Art. By J. F. Blacker. Boston: Little; 
Brown & Company. Cloth; 8vo. Price, 
$3.50 net. 
The collector of old English pottery and 
china and all others interested in ceramic 
arts have long needed a volume that is at 
once a practical guide combined with a his- 
tory in pictures of the work of the old 
master potters. Mr. Blacker, who is one 
of the best authorities on the subject, here 
presents concisely the story of the great in- 
dustry represented by such old-fashioned 
potters as the Adams, Copelands, Mintons, 
Wedgewoods, Hadley and Linthorpe, as 
well as those of more recent date. The 
numerous illustrations, all carefully — se- 
lected, present nearly every type and form 
' of pattern, from the blue printed English 
